Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe ... - MemoFin.fr

Changes in the climate systemMap 2.3 Trends in warm days and cool nights across Europe (1960–2012)Warm daysCool nights70N70N60N60N50N50N40N40N30N30N15W 0 15E 30EChange in warm days (TX90p, days/decade)15W 0 15E 30EChange in cool nights (TN10p, days/decade)0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10TX90p (%)2520151051955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015Trend: 1.84 % per decade (1.17 to 2.41)Trend: 2.00 % per decade (1.37 to 2.54)– 10 – 9 – 8 – 7 – 6 – 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 – 1 0TN10p (%)2520151051955 1965 1975 1985 1995 2005 2015Trend: – 1.29 % per decade (– 1.83 to – 0.70)Trend: – 1.18 % per decade (– 1.67 to –0.77)Note:Warm days/nights are defined as being above the 90th percentile of the daily maximum/minimum temperature and cooldays/nights are similarly below the 10th percentile (Alexander et al., 2006). Grid boxes outlined in solid black contain at leastthree stations and so are likely to be more representative of the grid-box. High confidence in the long-term trend is shownby a black dot. (In the maps above, this is the case for all grid boxes.) Area averaged annual time series of percentagechanges and trend lines are shown below each map for one area in northern Europe (green line, 5.6 ° to 16.9 °E and 56.2 °to 66.2 °N) and one in south-western Europe (purple line, 350.6 ° to 1.9 °E and 36.2 ° to 43.7 °N).Source: ECA&D dataset (Klein Tank and Wijngaard, 2002).Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 201263