Abbreviations <strong>and</strong> acronymsProject acronym Project name Website Fund<strong>in</strong>gEuro-Argo <strong>Europe</strong>an contribution to Argo program http://www.euro-argo.eu/ FP7 ESFRIEuroMOMO The <strong>Europe</strong>an Mortality Monitor<strong>in</strong>g Project http://www.euromomo.eu/ DG SANCOEurosionEWENT<strong>Europe</strong>an <strong>in</strong>itiative for susta<strong>in</strong>able coastal erosionmanagementExtreme weather <strong>impacts</strong> on <strong>Europe</strong>an networks oftransporthttp://www.eurosion.org/http://ewent.vtt.fi/about.htmJRA-25 Japanese 25-year Reanalysis Project http://www.jreap.org/<strong>in</strong>dexe.htmlMEDIATIONMethodology for Effective Decision-mak<strong>in</strong>g on Impacts<strong>and</strong> AdaptaTionhttp://mediation-project.eu/DG ENVMyOcean Ocean Monitor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> Forecast<strong>in</strong>g http://www.myocean.eu FP7, GMESNCEP CFSRNational Centers for Environmental Prediction <strong>Climate</strong>Forecast SystemReanalysishttp://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov/cfsr/PACE Perma<strong>fr</strong>ost <strong>and</strong> <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong> http://www.geo.uzh.ch/~hoelzle/pace.htmlPESETAProjection of Economic <strong>impacts</strong> of climate <strong>change</strong> <strong>in</strong>Sectors of the <strong>Europe</strong>an Union based on boTtom-upAnalysishttp://peseta.jrc.ec.europa.eu/PLUREL Peri-urban L<strong>and</strong> Use Relationships http://www.plurel.net/ FP6PRUDENCERESPONSESPrediction of Regional scenarios <strong>and</strong> Uncerta<strong>in</strong>ties forDef<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g <strong>Europe</strong>aN <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> risks <strong>and</strong> Effects<strong>Europe</strong>an responses to climate <strong>change</strong>: deep emissionsreductions <strong>and</strong> ma<strong>in</strong>stream<strong>in</strong>g of mitigation <strong>and</strong>adaptationhttp://prudence.dmi.dkhttp://www.responsesproject.eu/SCENES Water Scenarios for <strong>Europe</strong> <strong>and</strong> for Neighbour<strong>in</strong>g States http://www.environment.fi/syke/scenesWEATHERWeather Extremes: Impacts on Transport Systems <strong>and</strong>Hazards for <strong>Europe</strong>an Regionshttp://www.weather-project.euFP7JMAFP7NOAAEUJRCFP5FP7FP6FP7252 <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>vulnerability</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong> 2012
ReferencesReferencesChapter 1:IntroductionAdams, J. (1995) Risk. University College LondonPress, London.Ahmad, Q. K., Warrick, R. A., Down<strong>in</strong>g, T. E.,Nishioka, S., Parikh, K. S., Parmesan, C., Schneider,S. H., Toth, F. <strong>and</strong> Yohe, G. (2007) Methods <strong>and</strong>Tools. In: <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> 2007 : <strong>impacts</strong>, adaptation <strong>and</strong><strong>vulnerability</strong> : contribution of Work<strong>in</strong>g Group II to thefourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panelon <strong>Climate</strong> Change (J. J. McCarthy, O. F. Canziani,N. A. Leary, D. J. Dokken <strong>and</strong> K. S. White, eds.),105–143. Cambridge University Press, CambridgeEngl<strong>and</strong>. http://www.grida.no/climate/ipcc_tar/wg2/pdf/wg2TARchap2.pdf.AMAP (2011) Snow, Water, Ice <strong>and</strong> Perma<strong>fr</strong>ost<strong>in</strong> the Arctic (SWIPA): <strong>Climate</strong> Change <strong>and</strong> theCryosphere. Arctic Monitor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> AssessmentProgramme (AMAP), Oslo. http://amap.no/swipa/Comb<strong>in</strong>edDraft.pdf.ASC (2011) Adapt<strong>in</strong>g to climate <strong>change</strong> <strong>in</strong> the UK— Measur<strong>in</strong>g progress (Adaptation Sub-CommitteeProgress Report). UK Adaptation Sub-Committee,London. http://www.theccc.org.uk/reports/adaptation/2nd-progress-report-2011.ASC (2012) <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong> – is the UK prepar<strong>in</strong>gfor flood<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> water scarcity? (Adaptation Sub-Committee Progress Report). UK Adaptation Sub-Committee, London. http://www.theccc.org.uk/reports/adaptation/2012-progress-report.Balas, M., Essl, F., Felderer, A., Formayer,H., Prutsch, A. <strong>and</strong> Uhl, M. (2010)Klimaänderungsszenarien und Vulnerabilität.Environment Agency Austria, Vienna. http://www.lebensm<strong>in</strong>isterium.at/dms/lmat/umwelt/klimaschutz/klimapolitik_national/anpassungsstrategie/Anpassungsstrategie/VulnerabilitaetsberichtII-Dez2010.pdf.Barry, T., Kurvits, T., Alfthan, B. <strong>and</strong> Mork,E. (2010) Arctic Biodiversity Trends — 2010:Selected Indicators of Change. CAFF InternationalSecretariat, Akureyri, Icel<strong>and</strong>. http://www.arcticbiodiversity.is/images/stories/report/pdf/Arctic_Biodiversity_Trends_Report_2010.pdf.Cardona, O. D. (2003) The Need for Reth<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g theConcepts of Vulnerability <strong>and</strong> Risk <strong>fr</strong>om a HolisticPerspective: A Necessary Review <strong>and</strong> Criticismfor Effective Risk Management. In: Mapp<strong>in</strong>gVulnerability: Disasters, Development <strong>and</strong> People(G. Bankoff, G. Frerks <strong>and</strong> D. Hilhorst, eds.).Inter‐American Development Bank, Wash<strong>in</strong>gton,D.C.Ciscar, J. C., Iglesias, A., Feyen, L., Goodess, C. M.,Szabo, L., Christensen, O. B., Nicholls, R., Amelung,B., Watkiss, P. <strong>and</strong> Bosello, F. (2009) <strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong><strong>impacts</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong>. F<strong>in</strong>al report of the PESETAresearch project (EUR 24093 EN, JRC55391).JRC-IPTS, Seville. http://ipts.jrc.ec.europa.eu/publications/pub.cfm?id=2879.Ciscar, J. C., Iglesias, A., Feyen, L., Szabo, L., VanRegemorter, D., Amelung, B., Nicholls, R., Watkiss,P., Christensen, O. B., Dankers, R., Garrote, L.,Goodess, C. M., Hunt, A., Moreno, A., Richards, J.et al. (2011) Physical <strong>and</strong> economic consequences ofclimate <strong>change</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong>. Proceed<strong>in</strong>gs of the NationalAcademy of Sciences 108(7), 2 678–2 683. doi:10.1073/pnas.1011612108.Coburn, A. W., Spence, R. J. S. <strong>and</strong> Pomonis, A.(1994) Vulnerability <strong>and</strong> Risk Assessment. 2nd Edition.UNDP Disaster Management Tra<strong>in</strong><strong>in</strong>g Programme.Costa, L. <strong>and</strong> Kropp, J. P. (2012) L<strong>in</strong>k<strong>in</strong>g componentsof <strong>vulnerability</strong> <strong>in</strong> theoretic <strong>fr</strong>ameworks <strong>and</strong> casestudies. Susta<strong>in</strong>ability Science. doi:10.1007/s11625-012-0158-4.Cox, P. <strong>and</strong> Stephenson, D. (2007) A Chang<strong>in</strong>g<strong>Climate</strong> for Prediction. Science 317(5835), 207–208.doi:10.1126/science.1145956.De Beer, J., Van der Gaag, N., Van der Erf, R., Bauer,R., Fassmann, H., Kupiszewska, D., Kupiszewski,M., Rees, P., Boden, P., Dennett, A., Jasińska, M.,Stillwell, J., Wohl<strong>and</strong>, P., De Jong, A., Ter Veer, M.<strong>Climate</strong> <strong>change</strong>, <strong>impacts</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>vulnerability</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong> 2012253
- Page 3 and 4:
EEA Report No 12/2012Climate change
- Page 5:
ContentsContentsAcknowledgements...
- Page 10 and 11:
ContentsMap 4.1 Change in the numbe
- Page 12 and 13:
ContentsList of boxesBox 1.1 The IP
- Page 14 and 15:
AcknowledgementsAblain, Gilles Larn
- Page 16:
AcknowledgementsComments from the E
- Page 20:
Executive summaryThe causes of the
- Page 23:
Technical summaryTable TS.1 Observe
- Page 26 and 27:
Technical summaryTable TS.1 Observe
- Page 28 and 29:
Technical summaryMountain areasThe
- Page 30:
Technical summaryTable TS.2 Key obs
- Page 33 and 34:
IntroductionIt should be noted that
- Page 35 and 36:
IntroductionBox 1.1The IPCC Fifth A
- Page 37 and 38:
Introduction1. develop and improve
- Page 39 and 40:
Introduction1.4.3 Overview of main
- Page 41 and 42:
IntroductionThe next generation of
- Page 44 and 45:
Introductionimmigration will be low
- Page 46 and 47:
Introduction7. projection of a clim
- Page 49 and 50:
IntroductionThe term risk is also i
- Page 51 and 52:
Changes in the climate system2 Chan
- Page 53 and 54:
Changes in the climate systemdammin
- Page 55 and 56:
Changes in the climate system2.1.4
- Page 57 and 58:
Changes in the climate systemSelect
- Page 59 and 60:
Changes in the climate systemPast t
- Page 61 and 62:
Changes in the climate systemEurope
- Page 63 and 64:
Changes in the climate systemSevera
- Page 65 and 66:
Changes in the climate systemMap 2.
- Page 67 and 68:
Changes in the climate systemMap 2.
- Page 69 and 70:
Changes in the climate systemMap 2.
- Page 71 and 72:
Changes in the climate systemMap 2.
- Page 73 and 74:
Changes in the climate systemclosel
- Page 75 and 76:
Changes in the climate system2.3 Cr
- Page 77 and 78:
Changes in the climate systemPast t
- Page 79 and 80:
Changes in the climate systemof up
- Page 81 and 82:
Changes in the climate systemFigure
- Page 83 and 84:
Changes in the climate systemFigure
- Page 85 and 86:
Changes in the climate system2.3.5
- Page 87 and 88:
Changes in the climate systemBox 2.
- Page 89 and 90:
Changes in the climate systemFigure
- Page 91 and 92:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 93 and 94:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 95 and 96:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 97 and 98:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 99 and 100:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 101 and 102:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 103 and 104:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 105:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 108 and 109:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 110 and 111:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 112 and 113:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 114 and 115:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 116 and 117:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 118 and 119:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 120:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 123 and 124:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 125 and 126:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 127 and 128:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 129 and 130:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 131 and 132:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 133 and 134:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 135 and 136:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 137 and 138:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 139:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 142 and 143:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 144 and 145:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 146 and 147:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 148 and 149:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 150 and 151:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 152 and 153:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 154 and 155:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 156 and 157:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 158 and 159:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
- Page 160 and 161:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 162 and 163:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 164 and 165:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 166 and 167:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 168 and 169:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 170 and 171:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 172 and 173:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 174 and 175:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 176 and 177:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 178 and 179:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 180 and 181:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 182 and 183:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 184 and 185:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 186 and 187:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 188 and 189:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 190 and 191:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 192 and 193:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 194 and 195:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 196 and 197:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 198 and 199:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 200 and 201:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 202 and 203:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 204 and 205: Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 206 and 207: Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 208 and 209: Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 210 and 211: Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 212 and 213: Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 214 and 215: Climate impacts on socio-economic s
- Page 216 and 217: Vulnerability to climate changein f
- Page 218 and 219: Vulnerability to climate change5.3
- Page 220 and 221: Vulnerability to climate changeMap
- Page 222 and 223: Vulnerability to climate changeasse
- Page 224 and 225: Vulnerability to climate change5.3.
- Page 226 and 227: Vulnerability to climate changeBox
- Page 228 and 229: Vulnerability to climate changeMap
- Page 230 and 231: Vulnerability to climate change5.5
- Page 232 and 233: Vulnerability to climate changeFigu
- Page 234 and 235: Vulnerability to climate changeFigu
- Page 236 and 237: Vulnerability to climate changeFina
- Page 238 and 239: Vulnerability to climate changefact
- Page 240 and 241: Indicator and data needsA key polic
- Page 242 and 243: Indicator and data needsWEI and res
- Page 244 and 245: Indicator and data needsDirectorate
- Page 246 and 247: Indicator and data needs6.2.2 Globa
- Page 248 and 249: Abbreviations and acronyms7 Abbrevi
- Page 250 and 251: Abbreviations and acronymsAcronym o
- Page 252 and 253: Abbreviations and acronymsAcronym o
- Page 256 and 257: Referenceset al. (2010) DEMIFER: De
- Page 258 and 259: ReferencesNovember to 11 December 2
- Page 260 and 261: ReferencesEEA (2011a) Mapping the i
- Page 262 and 263: References19 December 2009. UNFCCC,
- Page 264 and 265: ReferencesIsaksen, K., Sollid, J. L
- Page 266 and 267: Referencesfür Hydrologie und Limno
- Page 268 and 269: Referencescirculation models. Journ
- Page 270 and 271: Referencesin Geophysics 32(4-5), 58
- Page 272 and 273: ReferencesVermeer, M. and Rahmstorf
- Page 274 and 275: ReferencesDevelopment. http://ec.eu
- Page 276 and 277: ReferencesMooij, W. M., Hulsmann, S
- Page 278 and 279: ReferencesAraújo, M. B., Thuiller,
- Page 280 and 281: ReferencesPeninsula (1952-2004). Ec
- Page 282 and 283: ReferencesMenzel, A., Sparks, T. H.
- Page 284 and 285: ReferencesUrban, M. C., Tewksbury,
- Page 286 and 287: ReferencesM., Palosuo, T., Bellamy,
- Page 288 and 289: ReferencesApplied Climatology 74, 4
- Page 290 and 291: Referencesepidemiologic evidence. E
- Page 292 and 293: ReferencesEnvironmental Health Pers
- Page 294 and 295: Referencestemperature. Epidemiology
- Page 296: ReferencesEEA (2012) Annual Europea
- Page 299 and 300: ReferencesChapter 5:Vulnerability t
- Page 301 and 302: ReferencesSchool. http://www.jbs.ca
- Page 303 and 304: European Environment AgencyClimate