Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe ... - MemoFin.fr

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Indicator and data needs6.2.2 Global Monitoring for Environment andSecurityThe EU 'Global Monitoring for Environmentand Security' (GMES) programme ( 117 ) aims toprovide data to help users deal with a range ofenvironmental and safety issues by a combinationof satellite- and ground-based data. The aim is toprovide faster, easier and (preferably) free accessto data. GMES is expected to become a fullyoperational service programme in the coming yearswith services that can be divided into land, marineand atmosphere, and emergency response andclimate change. These services are in various stagesof development.The European Commission's proposal for a 2014–2020Multi-annual Financial Framework did not includeGMES. In 2011/2012 discussions are taking placebetween the European Commission, the EuropeanParliament and the European Council on the futurefinancing of GMES.The foreseen GMES climate change service wasdiscussed at a stakeholder conference in 2011(Helsinki, Finland) ( 118 ). The proposals ( 119 ) for thecontent of a potential GMES climate service werebroadly agreed by the participants, including:• a climate monitoring service using integratedand cross-calibrated data sets (including modeloutput);• a next generation reanalysis using historic datato better characterise and interpret past, recentand current changes;• a portal for climate indicators providing globaland European climate trends which give amore informed indication of what changes areoccurring;• an attribution service which delivers tools andresults for interpretation of extreme events interms of climate change or other causes;• continued support for Europe's contribution toGCOS.Currently, the European Commission is fundingvarious GMES climate-relevant projects includingEURO4M (European high resolution reanalyses) ( 120 )and ERA-CLIM (global reanalyses) ( 121 ).The ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI ( 122 ))is an existing programme which is funding projectsto develop climate quality datasets of a number ofGCOS ECVs which are observable from satellites.The initial set of 10 ECV projects which are alreadyfunded through the ESA-CCI are:• Atmosphere: Clouds; Ozone; Greenhouse Gases;Aerosols;• Marine: Sea Surface Temperature; Sea Level;Ocean Colour;• Terrestrial: Glaciers and Ice Caps; Land Cover;Fire.6.3 Climate change impacts,vulnerability and adaptationresearchIn the EU's FP7 (2007–2013) climate-relevantresearch ( 123 ) is dealt with across various themes.Targeted climate change research focuses on:• the Earth system and climate, and related abruptchanges;• natural and anthropogenic emissions;• the global carbon cycle;• greenhouse gases;• future climate;• the natural, social and economic impacts ofclimate change;• mitigation and adaptation strategies, includingnovel responses to climate change;( 117 ) See http://www.gmes.info/ and http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/gmes.( 118 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/gmes/services/climate_change_conference_en.htm.( 119 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/files/gmes/climate-change-conf-helsinki-june-2011/gmes_climateservice_draft_en.pdf.( 120 ) See http://www.euro4m.eu/index.html.( 121 ) See http://www.era-clim.eu.( 122 ) See http://www.esa-cci.org.( 123 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index_en.cfm?pg=climate.244 Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2012
Indicator and data needs• natural climate-related hazards such as floods,droughts, storms or forest fires;• climate change impacts on health.See for an overview of all climate change projects theEuropean Commission's website ( 124 ). Furthermore,Climate-ADAPT contains a database with all mainEU FP6/FP7 projects over the past years dealingwith climate change impacts, vulnerability andadaptation ( 125 ). The EU CIRCLE-2 ('Climate ImpactResearch & Response Coordination for a LargerEurope') ERA-NET project ( 126 ) contains an extensivedatabase on relevant national research activities.Although much research has been done on CC IVA,further research will be useful on a range ofquestions or issues that may need further attention,such as links between mitigation and adaptation andsocietal transformation to sustainable developmentand a green economy.Horizon 2020 ( 127 ) is the EU financial instrumentimplementing the 'Innovation Union', a Europe2020 flagship initiative. Priorities and researchfocus for Horizon 2020 are being discussed in2011/2012. Climate action is amongst the prioritiesidentified in the proposal by the EuropeanCommission (2011 ( 128 )). At least 60 % of thetotal Horizon 2020 budget would be related tosustainable development, the vast majority of thisexpenditure contributing to mutually reinforcingclimate and environmental objectives. It is expectedthat around 35 % of the Horizon 2020 budget willbe climate‐related expenditure, which is for bothmitigation and adaptation together. The EuropeanParliament and European Council are discussingthe content and budget for Horizon 2020 and byend‐2013 adoption of legislative acts on Horizon2020 are expected.The concept of Joint Programming was introducedby the European Commission in 2008. It is one of theinitiatives for implementing the European ResearchArea (ERA ( 129 )). The aim of Joint Programmingis to increase the value of relevant national andEU research and development (R&D) fundingby concerted and joint planning, implementationand evaluation of national research programmes.A Joint Programming Initiative 'ConnectingClimate Knowledge for Europe' (JPI Climate ( 130 ))was initiated which will cover research related toimproving climate projections, climate services,societal transformation and decision support tools. Itwas launched by the European Council in December2011 ( 131 ) (as part of the launching of five JPIs forresearch) and a range of recommended actions werementioned.( 124 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index_en.cfm?pg=projects&area=climate.( 125 ) See http://climate-adapt.eea.europa.eu/web/guest/research-projects.( 126 ) See http://www.circle-era.eu/np4/10.( 127 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/research/horizon2020/index_en.cfm?pg=h2020.( 128 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/research/horizon2020/pdf/proposals/communication_from_the_commission_-_horizon_2020_-_the_framework_programme_for_research_and_innovation.pdf#view=fit&pagemode=none.( 129 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/research/era/index_en.htm.( 130 ) See http://www.jpi-climate.eu.( 131 ) See http://www.consilium.europa.eu/uedocs/cms_Data/docs/pressdata/en/intm/126583.pdf.Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2012245
Page 3 and 4:
EEA Report No 12/2012Climate change
Page 5:
ContentsContentsAcknowledgements...
Page 10 and 11:
ContentsMap 4.1 Change in the numbe
Page 12 and 13:
ContentsList of boxesBox 1.1 The IP
Page 14 and 15:
AcknowledgementsAblain, Gilles Larn
Page 16:
AcknowledgementsComments from the E
Page 20:
Executive summaryThe causes of the
Page 23:
Technical summaryTable TS.1 Observe
Page 26 and 27:
Technical summaryTable TS.1 Observe
Page 28 and 29:
Technical summaryMountain areasThe
Page 30:
Technical summaryTable TS.2 Key obs
Page 33 and 34:
IntroductionIt should be noted that
Page 35 and 36:
IntroductionBox 1.1The IPCC Fifth A
Page 37 and 38:
Introduction1. develop and improve
Page 39 and 40:
Introduction1.4.3 Overview of main
Page 41 and 42:
IntroductionThe next generation of
Page 44 and 45:
Introductionimmigration will be low
Page 46 and 47:
Introduction7. projection of a clim
Page 49 and 50:
IntroductionThe term risk is also i
Page 51 and 52:
Changes in the climate system2 Chan
Page 53 and 54:
Changes in the climate systemdammin
Page 55 and 56:
Changes in the climate system2.1.4
Page 57 and 58:
Changes in the climate systemSelect
Page 59 and 60:
Changes in the climate systemPast t
Page 61 and 62:
Changes in the climate systemEurope
Page 63 and 64:
Changes in the climate systemSevera
Page 65 and 66:
Changes in the climate systemMap 2.
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
Page 73 and 74:
Changes in the climate systemclosel
Page 75 and 76:
Changes in the climate system2.3 Cr
Page 77 and 78:
Changes in the climate systemPast t
Page 79 and 80:
Changes in the climate systemof up
Page 81 and 82:
Changes in the climate systemFigure
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Changes in the climate system2.3.5
Page 87 and 88:
Changes in the climate systemBox 2.
Page 89 and 90:
Page 91 and 92:
Climate impacts on environmental sy
Page 93 and 94:
Page 95 and 96:
Page 97 and 98:
Page 99 and 100:
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105:
Page 108 and 109:
Page 110 and 111:
Page 112 and 113:
Page 114 and 115:
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120:
Page 123 and 124:
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139:
Page 142 and 143:
Page 144 and 145:
Page 146 and 147:
Page 148 and 149:
Page 150 and 151:
Page 152 and 153:
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
Page 158 and 159:
Page 160 and 161:
Climate impacts on socio-economic s
Page 162 and 163:
Page 164 and 165:
Page 166 and 167:
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
Page 172 and 173:
Page 174 and 175:
Page 176 and 177:
Page 178 and 179:
Page 180 and 181:
Page 182 and 183:
Page 184 and 185:
Page 186 and 187:
Page 188 and 189:
Page 190 and 191:
Page 192 and 193:
Page 194 and 195:
Page 196 and 197: Climate impacts on socio-economic s
Page 216 and 217: Vulnerability to climate changein f
Page 218 and 219: Vulnerability to climate change5.3
Page 220 and 221: Vulnerability to climate changeMap
Page 222 and 223: Vulnerability to climate changeasse
Page 224 and 225: Vulnerability to climate change5.3.
Page 226 and 227: Vulnerability to climate changeBox
Page 228 and 229: Vulnerability to climate changeMap
Page 230 and 231: Vulnerability to climate change5.5
Page 232 and 233: Vulnerability to climate changeFigu
Page 234 and 235: Vulnerability to climate changeFigu
Page 236 and 237: Vulnerability to climate changeFina
Page 238 and 239: Vulnerability to climate changefact
Page 240 and 241: Indicator and data needsA key polic
Page 242 and 243: Indicator and data needsWEI and res
Page 244 and 245: Indicator and data needsDirectorate
Page 248 and 249: Abbreviations and acronyms7 Abbrevi
Page 250 and 251: Abbreviations and acronymsAcronym o
Page 252 and 253: Abbreviations and acronymsAcronym o
Page 254 and 255: Abbreviations and acronymsProject a
Page 256 and 257: Referenceset al. (2010) DEMIFER: De
Page 258 and 259: ReferencesNovember to 11 December 2
Page 260 and 261: ReferencesEEA (2011a) Mapping the i
Page 262 and 263: References19 December 2009. UNFCCC,
Page 264 and 265: ReferencesIsaksen, K., Sollid, J. L
Page 266 and 267: Referencesfür Hydrologie und Limno
Page 268 and 269: Referencescirculation models. Journ
Page 270 and 271: Referencesin Geophysics 32(4-5), 58
Page 272 and 273: ReferencesVermeer, M. and Rahmstorf
Page 274 and 275: ReferencesDevelopment. http://ec.eu
Page 276 and 277: ReferencesMooij, W. M., Hulsmann, S
Page 278 and 279: ReferencesAraújo, M. B., Thuiller,
Page 280 and 281: ReferencesPeninsula (1952-2004). Ec
Page 282 and 283: ReferencesMenzel, A., Sparks, T. H.
Page 284 and 285: ReferencesUrban, M. C., Tewksbury,
Page 286 and 287: ReferencesM., Palosuo, T., Bellamy,
Page 288 and 289: ReferencesApplied Climatology 74, 4
Page 290 and 291: Referencesepidemiologic evidence. E
Page 292 and 293: ReferencesEnvironmental Health Pers
Page 294 and 295: Referencestemperature. Epidemiology
Page 296:
ReferencesEEA (2012) Annual Europea
Page 299 and 300:
ReferencesChapter 5:Vulnerability t
Page 301 and 302:
ReferencesSchool. http://www.jbs.ca
Page 303 and 304:
European Environment AgencyClimate
show all

Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe ... - MemoFin.fr

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?