Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe ... - MemoFin.fr

Indicator and data needs6.2.2 Global Monitoring for Environment andSecurityThe EU 'Global Monitoring for Environmentand Security' (GMES) programme ( 117 ) aims toprovide data to help users deal with a range ofenvironmental and safety issues by a combinationof satellite- and ground-based data. The aim is toprovide faster, easier and (preferably) free accessto data. GMES is expected to become a fullyoperational service programme in the coming yearswith services that can be divided into land, marineand atmosphere, and emergency response andclimate change. These services are in various stagesof development.The European Commission's proposal for a 2014–2020Multi-annual Financial Framework did not includeGMES. In 2011/2012 discussions are taking placebetween the European Commission, the EuropeanParliament and the European Council on the futurefinancing of GMES.The foreseen GMES climate change service wasdiscussed at a stakeholder conference in 2011(Helsinki, Finland) ( 118 ). The proposals ( 119 ) for thecontent of a potential GMES climate service werebroadly agreed by the participants, including:• a climate monitoring service using integratedand cross-calibrated data sets (including modeloutput);• a next generation reanalysis using historic datato better characterise and interpret past, recentand current changes;• a portal for climate indicators providing globaland European climate trends which give amore informed indication of what changes areoccurring;• an attribution service which delivers tools andresults for interpretation of extreme events interms of climate change or other causes;• continued support for Europe's contribution toGCOS.Currently, the European Commission is fundingvarious GMES climate-relevant projects includingEURO4M (European high resolution reanalyses) ( 120 )and ERA-CLIM (global reanalyses) ( 121 ).The ESA Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI ( 122 ))is an existing programme which is funding projectsto develop climate quality datasets of a number ofGCOS ECVs which are observable from satellites.The initial set of 10 ECV projects which are alreadyfunded through the ESA-CCI are:• Atmosphere: Clouds; Ozone; Greenhouse Gases;Aerosols;• Marine: Sea Surface Temperature; Sea Level;Ocean Colour;• Terrestrial: Glaciers and Ice Caps; Land Cover;Fire.6.3 Climate change impacts,vulnerability and adaptationresearchIn the EU's FP7 (2007–2013) climate-relevantresearch ( 123 ) is dealt with across various themes.Targeted climate change research focuses on:• the Earth system and climate, and related abruptchanges;• natural and anthropogenic emissions;• the global carbon cycle;• greenhouse gases;• future climate;• the natural, social and economic impacts ofclimate change;• mitigation and adaptation strategies, includingnovel responses to climate change;( 117 ) See http://www.gmes.info/ and http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/gmes.( 118 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/gmes/services/climate_change_conference_en.htm.( 119 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/space/files/gmes/climate-change-conf-helsinki-june-2011/gmes_climateservice_draft_en.pdf.( 120 ) See http://www.euro4m.eu/index.html.( 121 ) See http://www.era-clim.eu.( 122 ) See http://www.esa-cci.org.( 123 ) See http://ec.europa.eu/research/environment/index_en.cfm?pg=climate.244 Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2012