Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe ... - MemoFin.fr

ContentsList of boxesBox 1.1 The IPCC Fifth Assessment Report...................................................................33Box 1.2 The IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES)....................................38Box 2.1 General circulation models (GCMs) and regional climate models (RCMs)...............52Box 2.2 Climate reanalyses........................................................................................58Box 2.3 A decade of European temperature extremes....................................................64Box 2.4 Definition of precipitation extremes.................................................................68Box 2.5 Lowland permafrost in sub-arctic palsa mires....................................................85Box 3.1 Making the right observations ........................................................................94Box 3.2 Alien plant species and climate change — new ranges? ...................................137Box 3.3 Alien animal species and climate change — new establishments?.......................140Box 3.4 The impacts of climate change on soil biota and biodiversity.............................150Box 4.1 Projected changes in forest composition and their economic impacts..................176Box 4.2 Case study — UK Climate Change Risk Assessment for the energy sector...........205Box 5.1 The cloudburst in Copenhagen on 2 July 2011................................................223Box 5.2 Water scarcity in Ankara..............................................................................22410 Climate change, impacts and vulnerability in Europe 2012