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14. Conclusions- Increase European collaboration also by using the recently-introducedinstrument of the European arrest warrant;- Create a European judicial space in order to obtain direct cooperation fromforeign authorities;Cooperation between the police forces and prosecutors of the different countries:- Mobilize the diplomatic corps to facilitate direct contact between foreign andItalian prosecutors and police forces;- Adopt and foster a culture of joint investigation by judicial police forces (mixedinvestigative teams);- Encourage closer collaboration between the judicial police and INTERPOL;- Stimulate foreign police forces so that international cooperation is effective;- Make a specialized international police force available to prosecutor’s offices.Information exchange:- Facilitate the exchange of information and data by means of an internationaldatabase flanking one or more expanded national databases (ADD).Liaison judges/prosecutors:- Through the competent international and diplomatic authorities, create one ormore contact points (so-called liaison judges/prosecutors) to provide effectiveand immediate ‘judicial assistance’ in the countries affected by the criminalphenomenon.Cooperation with the authorities in European and non European countries:- Harmonize the substantial and procedural law of the countries involved. On theone hand it is important that the same investigative and procedural instrumentsbe used in different countries; on the other, more uniform criminal law (i.e. legaldefinition of criminal conspiracy) would simplify international cooperation;- Ratify the Palermo Convention and press for the conclusion (i.e. Italy-Turkey) orthe improvement (i.e. Italy-Slovenia) of bilateral cooperation agreements;- Stipulate protocols of understanding with the countries involved as regards bothinvestigation and trial, in order to facilitate not only the investigative phase butalso the pre-trial gathering of admissible evidence;- Disseminate knowledge of international conventions;Strategies to prevent trafficking and smuggling must reduce opportunities fororganised crime and protect potential victims. The following measures have beensuggested:- Achieve closer control of the territory and borders by deploying more personneland means;- Improve the planning of regular flows of migration and increase the maximumnumber of legal immigrants allowed into the country. The balanced planning ofinflows implies that entry into the country should be allowed only to immigrantswith concrete prospects of employment. However, the issuing of short-term staypermits for job search purposes has been suggested;- Improve social and economic conditions in the victims’ countries of origin bymeans of well-designed policies for economic support and internationalcooperation in loco. Closer bilateral cooperation should be developed, both forpolitical purposes and to foster socio-economic development;249
14. Conclusions- Reach agreements with the countries of origin in order to regulate the inflow ofmigrants, which should match demand in the regular labour market. Thissolution was suggested by some prosecutors as the only truly feasible way tocombat trafficking and smuggling;- Use Italian embassies abroad to provide potential immigrants with adequate anddetailed information on lawful forms of immigration;- Computerise the relevant documentation and improve the reliability of personaldata in the countries of origin, with the possible granting of financial subsidiesand technical assistance to those countries;- Review the procedures for reporting losses of documents in order to preventabuses of administered systems committed with false documents;- Careful selection of the frontier police force and immigration office staff, alsoproviding specific training, applying strict criteria for personnel selection, anddeploying the best agents in key positions. This measure would make lawenforcement less vulnerable to infiltration by organised crime smugglers;- Devise strategies to combat bribery in the countries of transit, origin anddestination. The evidence has shown that corruption facilitates all the phases ofthe smuggling, with the consequent need for anticorruption policies focused onthe diverse characteristics and needs of countries;- Pay closer attention to the procedures for regularising the position of illegalimmigrants. The prosecutor’s office of Milan stressed that regularisation mayraise levels of deviance associated with immigration (with an increase, forexample, in crimes against the public administration committed during theperiods when curative statutes are applied). Regularisation acts as an inducementfor those who do not fulfil the criteria to take advantage of ‘easy’ occasions toacquire legal status; and it is an opportunity for criminals active in the business ofillegal immigration.- Improve the integration of migrants, in order to protect their rights and reducetheir exclusion from society, thereby rendering criminal groups less able to abuseco-nationals, or reducing the likelihood that immigrants will be involved incriminal activities;- Improve the controls on agencies involved in international money transfers, thefrequent use of which by traffickers requires more attention to prevent theirabuse;- (with particular reference to the Turkish situation) International pressure on theTurkish political authorities to obtain closer internal and coastal control, andespecially more correct management of the ‘Kurdish issue’;- Acquire deeper knowledge of the organisational methods used for smuggling, inthat this would yield a more focused and effective response.Other specific measures have been proposed in regard to the trafficking in personsfor the purpose of exploitation, in particular:- Interventions to regulate prostitution. According to some prosecutors, the lackof a regulatory framework for the sex market in Italy, in contrast to othercountries, aggravated the illegal and violent exploitation of prostitutes.In this respect, it was suggested that prostitution should be legalised byfacilitating the introduction of so-called case chiuse or legal brothels so thatcloser control can be exerted on the phenomenon, from the point of view of bothsecurity and hygiene-health; or alternatively: control over prostitution throughstricter administrative measures applied to street prostitution intended to divert itto venues that are easier to police;250
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TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS ANDSMUGGLING
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Table of contentsTABLE OF CONTENTS1
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Table of contents10.4 Assistance an
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Table of contents13.1.5 Atypical in
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1. Acknowledgementsthe interviews w
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2. Executive summary2.EXECUTIVE SUM
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2. Executive summaryDuring phase V,
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2. Executive summaryAs regards the
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2. Executive summaryIncidente proba
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2. Executive summary- Establish the
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2. Executive summaryUpdate to the r
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3. IntroductionThe need for reliabl
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3. Introductionpersons and on the s
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4. Goal, objectives and phases of t
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5. Operational definitions5.OPERATI
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5. Operational definitionsany provi
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5. Operational definitions5.3 T5.3
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6. The United Nations Convention ag
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7. The European Union regulations7.
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7. The European Union regulationsEa
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7. The European Union regulations-
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7. The European Union regulationsth
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7. The European Union regulationsb)
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7. The European Union regulationspe
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7. The European Union regulationsTh
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7. The European Union regulationsap
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7. The European Union regulationsOn
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7. The European Union regulations-
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8. Trafficking and smuggling in Eur
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9. Trafficking and smuggling in Ita
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9. Trafficking and smuggling in Ita
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10. Italian legislation and judicia
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11. A map of the phenomenon in Ital
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12. The results of the interviews c
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Page 256: ANNEXASURVEY ON CASES OF PEOPLETRAF
Page 259 and 260: Annex AData related to the case:Cas
Page 261 and 262: Annex AQuantity and nationality of
Page 263 and 264: Annex ANumber of persons for whom o
Page 266 and 267: Annex BINDEXFIRST PART - THE PHENOM
Page 268 and 269: Annex B1.1 Smuggling of migrants (t
Page 270 and 271: Annex B13. How much do the migrants
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Page 274 and 275: Annex Bmeasures, tailing, infiltrat
Page 276 and 277: Annex B45. What kind of internation
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