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11. A map of the phenomenon in Italy: proceedings brought by prosecutor’s offices between June 1996 and June 2001Figure 16 – Distribution of proceedings for smuggling of migrants by prosecutor’s office (June 1996 – June2001)Source: Transcrime calculations on data furnished by the AND databaseDuring the years considered by this study, 33% of proceedings for smuggling werestill at the pre-trial investigation stage, while 67% had gone to trial (Figure 17).Figure 18 shows that article 12 of legislative decree no. 286/1998 is mostfrequently cited by charges brought for the criminal offence of migrant smuggling.Indeed, 89% of the total number of the crimes charged relate to the offence setforth by this provision. The others account for only small percentages.Figure 17 – Proceedings brought for smuggling of migrants by phase of theproceeding. Absolute values and percentages(June 1996 – June 2001)4.0522.022Source: Transcrime calculations on data furnished by the AND databasepre-trial investigation phase (33%)trial (67%)142