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11. A map of the phenomenon in Italy: proceedings brought by prosecutor’s offices between June 1996 and June 2001sentenced, the result is a perfect match, which evinces that Nigerian prostitution isan phenomenon that occurs within the same ethnic group.As regards proceedings with victims from Ukraine and Moldavia (Figures 14 and15), although fewer in number, they are distributed among diverse areas of thecountry.Figure 14 – Proceedings for trafficking for the purpose of exploitation involving Ukrainian victims.Distribution by prosecutor’s office (June 1996-June 2001)Source: Transcrime calculations on data furnished by the AND database137
11. A map of the phenomenon in Italy: proceedings brought by prosecutor’s offices between June 1996 and June 2001Figure 15 – Proceedings for trafficking for the purpose of exploitation involving Moldavian victims.Distribution by prosecutor’s office (June 1996 – June 2001)Source: Transcrime calculations on data furnished by the AND databaseComparison between Figures 14-15 and Figure 7, which shows the distribution ofproceedings brought against Albanian persons under investigation, prosecuted andsentenced, shows a certain degree of match. One may therefore conclude that someUkrainian and Moldavian victims are exploited by Albanians.11.1.4 An estimation of the victims of traffickingIn the light of the data set out above it is possible to estimate the actual number ofvictims of trafficking in the period between June 1996 and June 2001. Before suchestimation is made, however, a brief preamble is necessary.In both the European Union and Italy, only very few of the studies conducted toestimate the victims of human trafficking have explained the methodology used toproduce their data. 248 Yet analysis of judicial activity such as that conducted by thisstudy, or more generally judicial statistics on victims, not only yield informationabout the victims but also enable quantification of the phenomena investigated.Official information on the number of victims in judicial proceedings provides animportant platform for reliable estimates: it is only necessary to calculate, with thehelp of experts or using the results of victimization surveys, the ratio betweenvictims who contact the judicial authorities and those who do not (i.e. the hidden248 See IOM - Migration Information Programme (MIP), Trafficking in Women to Austria for SexualExploitation, IOM, June 1996; G.J.N. Bruinsma, G. Meershoek, “Organised Crime and Trafficking in Womenfrom Eastern Europe in the Netherlands”, in P. Williams (ed.), Illegal Immigration and Commercial Sex: TheNew Slave Trade, Frank Cass, London, 1999; L. Kelly, L. Regan, Stopping Traffic: Exploring the Extent of,and Responses to, Trafficking in Women for Sexual Exploitation in the UK, Police Research Series, Paper125, Home Office, London, 2000; F. Carchedi, A. Picciolini, G. Mottura, G. Campani (eds.), op. cit.138
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TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS ANDSMUGGLING
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Table of contentsTABLE OF CONTENTS1
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Table of contents10.4 Assistance an
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Table of contents13.1.5 Atypical in
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1. Acknowledgementsthe interviews w
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2. Executive summary2.EXECUTIVE SUM
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2. Executive summaryDuring phase V,
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2. Executive summaryAs regards the
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2. Executive summaryIncidente proba
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2. Executive summary- Establish the
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2. Executive summaryUpdate to the r
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3. IntroductionThe need for reliabl
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3. Introductionpersons and on the s
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4. Goal, objectives and phases of t
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5. Operational definitions5.OPERATI
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5. Operational definitionsany provi
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5. Operational definitions5.3 T5.3
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6. The United Nations Convention ag
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7. The European Union regulations7.
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7. The European Union regulationsEa
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7. The European Union regulations-
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7. The European Union regulationsth
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7. The European Union regulationsb)
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7. The European Union regulationspe
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7. The European Union regulationsTh
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7. The European Union regulationsap
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7. The European Union regulationsOn
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7. The European Union regulations-
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8. Trafficking and smuggling in Eur
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9. Trafficking and smuggling in Ita
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9. Trafficking and smuggling in Ita
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10. Italian legislation and judicia
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12. The results of the interviews c
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14. Conclusions14.CONCLUSIONSThis r
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14. Conclusionswithin forty-eight h
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14. Conclusions- Increase European
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14. Conclusions- Provide social sup
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ANNEXASURVEY ON CASES OF PEOPLETRAF
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Annex AData related to the case:Cas
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Annex AQuantity and nationality of
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Annex ANumber of persons for whom o
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Annex BINDEXFIRST PART - THE PHENOM
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Annex B1.1 Smuggling of migrants (t
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Annex B13. How much do the migrants
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Annex B2.2 The perpetrators of traf
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Annex Bmeasures, tailing, infiltrat
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Annex B45. What kind of internation
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