A Tutorial on Thermodynamics - University of Illinois at Urbana ...

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Thermodynamics of water purification For ideal solution of n ions per unit volume nk TB Differential work done in moving volumedVdW ( dV ) Integrate from initial to final osmotic pressure(assume 50% recovery)(1/2) V0VW k T n0dVB VV012Mark A. Shannon http://watercampws.uiuc.edu
Thermodynamics of water purification For 50% recovery, ideal solution, 3.5% bymass NaCl (V 0 = 2 m 3 to recover 1 m 3 purewater)WWnV k T ln(2)0 B3.8 MJ 1 kWh No process can do better than this at 50%recovery. (For 0% recovery, no ln(2) term.) State-of-the-art RO is only a factor of 2 higherthan this limit.13Mark A. Shannon http://watercampws.uiuc.edu
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