Using R for Introductory Statistics : John Verzani

Appendix D 363par(mar=c(0,4,1,1))# small marginsplot.new()# new plotplot.window(xlim=c(−.5,26.5),ylim=c(0,8), asp=1) # setup limitsk = 0:25# pch values toplotzero = 0*k# same lengthas ktext(k, 8 + zero, labels=k)# add numberspoints(k,7 + zero, pch=k, cex=2) # add plotcharactersi=6:1# which linetypesabline(h=7−i,lty=i)# where to plotlineaxis(2,at=l:8,# at= for wherelabels=c(paste("lty =",i),"pch","k"), # labels for whatlas=2)# las=2 givesorientationFigure D.1 Example of pch= and lty=valuesD.1.3 Printing or saving a figureR prints its graphics to a device. Usually this device is the plot window we see, but itneed not be. It can also print to a file and store the output in different formats. Forexample, R can store the current graphic in Adobe’s PDF format. This can be done byprinting the current screen device to a pdf device:## .. create a plot, and then…> dev.print(file="test.pdf",device=pdf)Adobe’s PDF format is great for sharing graphs, but it isn’t always the desired format forinserting into documents. By changing the argument device= to png or jpeg those filetypes will be saved. For some, PostScript is a convenient format. Encapsulated PostScriptcan be created with the function dev. copy2eps () For Windows GUI users, the plotwindow has menus for saving the graphic in png, jpeg, bmp, postscript, PDF, andmetafile formats. The Mac OS X GUI allows the user to save graphics in its native PDFformat.