Ne o t r o p i c a l Hy p o c r e l l a, Mo e l l e r i e l l a, a n d Sa m u e l s i aTable 3. Results from LSU, EF1-α, <strong>and</strong> RPB1 sequence analyses.Locus LSU EF1-α RPB1 CombinedNumber of taxa included in analyses 120 98 80 82Total number of bp included 901 942 741 2584Number of polymorphic sites (%) 224 (25) 334 (36) 340 (46) 889 (34)Number of unique polymorphisms 57 34 22 111Number of informative polymorphic sites (%) 167 (19) 300 (32) 318 (43) 778 (30)Consistency Index 0.513 0.290 0.337 0.338Homoplasy Index 0.487 0.710 0.663 0.662Retention Index 0.903 0.790 0.828 0.802Number of clades supported by >75% bootstrap in MP <strong>and</strong> NJ analyses 29, 46 50, 59 45, 62 60, 64M. evansii, M. libera, M. madidiensis, M. mollii, M. ochracea,M. rhombispora, M. phyllogena, M. raciborskii, M. umbospora,<strong>and</strong> M. zhongdongii. The Globose clade includes M. africana,M. boliviensis, M. epiphylla, M. insperata, M. macrostroma, M.schizostachyi, M. sloaneae, <strong>and</strong> M. turbinata. The Pulvinate clade(i.e. Hypocrella s. str. <strong>and</strong> <strong>Samuelsia</strong>) includes two groups: PulvinateA <strong>and</strong> Pulvinate B. Pulvinate A is Hypocrella s. str. <strong>and</strong> contains H.citrina, H. hirsuta, H. disciformis, H. viridans, <strong>and</strong> H. discoidea; <strong>and</strong>Pulvinate B is <strong>Samuelsia</strong> <strong>and</strong> includes S. chalalensis, S. geonomis,S. rufobrunnea, <strong>and</strong> S. sheikhii. EF1-α data do not support thosethree groups <strong>and</strong> LSU data show relatively weak support only forthe Pulvinate clade. The Hypocrella s. str. clade, <strong>and</strong> the nodesnested within, have better resolution, BP <strong>and</strong> PP support, than theEffuse <strong>and</strong> Globose clades <strong>and</strong> nodes within <strong>Moelleriella</strong>. Somepolytomies are observed within the Effuse clade.<strong>Moelleriella</strong>In the combined analyses (Fig. 2), the close relationship betweenthe disjunct sister taxa M. ochracea (NW) vs. M. mollii (OW) <strong>and</strong>M. libera (NW) vs. M. raciborskii (OW) is clear. The M. libera cladeis supported by MP BP of 90 %, NJ BP of 100 %, <strong>and</strong> PP of 61 %.The M. raciborskii clade is supported by MP BP of 99 %, NJ BP of100 %, <strong>and</strong> PP of 100 %. The node that supports these two taxahas a MP <strong>and</strong> NJ BP, <strong>and</strong> PP of 100 %. <strong>Moelleriella</strong> evansii, whichis morphologically similar to M. libera, is basal to a robust clade thatincludes M. libera <strong>and</strong> M. raciborskii (Figs 1–2). Likewise, the M.ochracea clade is supported by high MP BP, NJ BP, <strong>and</strong> PP values(91, 99, <strong>and</strong> 100 %, respectively). A M. mollii clade is supported by100 % BP <strong>and</strong> PP values. The node that includes M. mollii <strong>and</strong> M.ochracea is supported by 100 % BP <strong>and</strong> PP values. <strong>Moelleriella</strong>mollii <strong>and</strong> M. ochracea are within a clade that includes two othermorphologically similar taxa: M. zhongdongii <strong>and</strong> M. madidiensis.This clade is supported by BP of 78 %, NJ BP of 100 %, <strong>and</strong> PPof 100 %.<strong>Moelleriella</strong> phyllogena (type species of <strong>Moelleriella</strong>), M.umbospora, M. basicystis, <strong>and</strong> M. disjuncta are morphologicallysimilar species that belong to a clade supported by high BP<strong>and</strong> PP values (Fig. 2). The structure of this clade correlateswith geographic origin: M. basicystis in Panama <strong>and</strong> Costa Rica(probably southern Central America); M. phyllogena in Panama,Brazil, Ecuador, Bolivia, <strong>and</strong> Peru (probably Panama <strong>and</strong> Amazonbasin); M. umbospora in Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala (probablynorthern Central America); <strong>and</strong> M. disjuncta in Panama <strong>and</strong>Guyana. Recognition of each of these species is supported by highBP <strong>and</strong> PP values. <strong>Moelleriella</strong> disjuncta is basal within this clade.Although M. rhombispora shares some morphological similaritiesto the M. phyllogena species complex, DNA sequence data do notsupport their close relationship.Combined DNA sequence analyses show significant supportfor most nodes (internal <strong>and</strong> external) within the Globose clade(Fig. 2). <strong>Moelleriella</strong> epiphylla <strong>and</strong> M. turbinata are morphologicallysimilar species <strong>and</strong> their close relationship is supported by MP BPof 78 %, NJ BP of 95 %, <strong>and</strong> PP of 100 %. The M. epiphylla <strong>and</strong> M.turbinata clades are closely related to a group that contains mostlyspecies with relatively large, globose <strong>and</strong> hard stromata (exceptM. insperata): M. boliviensis, M. africana, M. schizostachyi, <strong>and</strong> M.macrostroma. Species with large stromata are closely related (MPBP 78 %, NJ BP 96 %, <strong>and</strong> PP 100 %). <strong>Moelleriella</strong> sloaneae isbasal in the Globose clade <strong>and</strong> is morphologically different fromother species in the group. The inclusion of M. sloaneae in theGlobose group is weakly supported in the combined phylogeneticanalyses: MP BP
Ch av e r r i e t a l.<strong>Moelleriella</strong><strong>Samuelsia</strong>77/5974/
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