India - Constitution - Directorate General of Mines Safety
India - Constitution - Directorate General of Mines Safety India - Constitution - Directorate General of Mines Safety
other matters relating to citizenship.Part III Fundamental RightsArticle 12 DefinitionIn this Part, unless the context otherwise required, "the State"includes the Governmental and Parliament of India and theGovernment and the Legislature of each of the States and alllocal or other authorities within the territory of India or under thecontrol of the Government of India.Article 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of thefundamental rights(1) All laws in force in the territory of India immediately beforethe commencement of this Constitution, in so far as they areinconsistent with the provisions of this Part, shall, to the extentof such inconsistency, be void.(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away orabridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made incontravention of this clause shall, to the extent of thecontravention, be void.(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise required, - (a)"law" includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation,notification, custom or usage having in the territory of India theforce of law;(b) "laws in force" includes laws passed or made by aLegislature or other competent authority in the territory of Indiabefore the commencement of this Constitution and notpreviously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or anypart thereof may not be then in operation either at all or inparticular areas.(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment of thisConstitution made under article 368.Article 14 Equality before lawThe State shall not deny to any person equality before the lawor the equal protection of the laws within the territory of India.Article 15 Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion,race, caste, sex or place of birth(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen ongrounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or anyof them.(2) No citizen shall, on ground only of religion, race, caste, sex,place of birth or any of them, be subject to any disability,liability, restriction or condition with regard to -(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places ofpublic entertainment; or(b) the use of wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places ofpublic resort maintained whole or partly out of State funds ordedicated to the use of general public.(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from makingany special provision for women and children.(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) or article 29 shallprevent the State from making any special provision for theadvancement of any socially and educationally backward
classes of citizens or for the Scheduled Castes and theScheduled Tribes.Article 16 Equality of opportunity in matters of publicemployment(1) There shall be equality of opportunity for all citizens inmatters relating to employment or appointment to any officeunder the State.(2) No citizen shall, on grounds only of religion, race, caste,sex, descent, place of birth, residence or any of them, beineligible for, or discriminated against in respect of, anyemployment or office under the State.(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent Parliament from makingany law prescribing, in regard to a class or classes ofemployment or appointment to an office under the Governmentof, or any local or other authority within, a State or Unionterritory, any requirement as to residence within that State orUnion territory prior to such employment or appointment.(4) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from makingany provision for the reservation of appointments or posts infavour of any backward class of citizens which, in the opinion ofthe State, is not adequately represented in the services underthe State.(4A) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from makingany provision for reservation in matters of promotion to anyclass or classes of posts in the services under the State infavour of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribeswhich, in the opinion of the State, are not adequatelyrepresented in the services under the State.(5) Nothing in this article shall affect the operation of any lawwhich provides that the incumbent of an office in connectionwith the affairs of any religious or denominational institution orany member of the governing body thereof shall be a personprofessing a particular religion or belonging to a particulardenomination.Article 17 Abolition of Untouchability"Untouchability" is abolished and its practice in any form isforbidden. The enforcement of any disability arising out of"Untouchability" shall be an offence punishable in accordancewith law.Article 18 Abolition of titles(1) No title, not being a military or academic distinction, shall beconferred by the State.(2) No citizen of India shall accept any title from any foreignState.(3) No person who is not a citizen of India shall, while he holdsany office of profit or trust under the State, accept without theconsent of the President any title from any foreign State.(4) No person holding any office of profit or trust under theState shall, without the consent of the President, accept anypresent, emolument, or office of any kind from or under anyforeign State.Article 19 Protection of certain rights regarding freedom of
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other matters relating to citizenship.Part III Fundamental RightsArticle 12 DefinitionIn this Part, unless the context otherwise required, "the State"includes the Governmental and Parliament <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong> and theGovernment and the Legislature <strong>of</strong> each <strong>of</strong> the States and alllocal or other authorities within the territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong> or under thecontrol <strong>of</strong> the Government <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong>.Article 13 Laws inconsistent with or in derogation <strong>of</strong> thefundamental rights(1) All laws in force in the territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong> immediately beforethe commencement <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Constitution</strong>, in so far as they areinconsistent with the provisions <strong>of</strong> this Part, shall, to the extent<strong>of</strong> such inconsistency, be void.(2) The State shall not make any law which takes away orabridges the rights conferred by this Part and any law made incontravention <strong>of</strong> this clause shall, to the extent <strong>of</strong> thecontravention, be void.(3) In this article, unless the context otherwise required, - (a)"law" includes any Ordinance, order, bye-law, rule, regulation,notification, custom or usage having in the territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong> theforce <strong>of</strong> law;(b) "laws in force" includes laws passed or made by aLegislature or other competent authority in the territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong>before the commencement <strong>of</strong> this <strong>Constitution</strong> and notpreviously repealed, notwithstanding that any such law or anypart there<strong>of</strong> may not be then in operation either at all or inparticular areas.(4) Nothing in this article shall apply to any amendment <strong>of</strong> this<strong>Constitution</strong> made under article 368.Article 14 Equality before lawThe State shall not deny to any person equality before the lawor the equal protection <strong>of</strong> the laws within the territory <strong>of</strong> <strong>India</strong>.Article 15 Prohibition <strong>of</strong> discrimination on grounds <strong>of</strong> religion,race, caste, sex or place <strong>of</strong> birth(1) The State shall not discriminate against any citizen ongrounds only <strong>of</strong> religion, race, caste, sex, place <strong>of</strong> birth or any<strong>of</strong> them.(2) No citizen shall, on ground only <strong>of</strong> religion, race, caste, sex,place <strong>of</strong> birth or any <strong>of</strong> them, be subject to any disability,liability, restriction or condition with regard to -(a) access to shops, public restaurants, hotels and places <strong>of</strong>public entertainment; or(b) the use <strong>of</strong> wells, tanks, bathing ghats, roads and places <strong>of</strong>public resort maintained whole or partly out <strong>of</strong> State funds ordedicated to the use <strong>of</strong> general public.(3) Nothing in this article shall prevent the State from makingany special provision for women and children.(4) Nothing in this article or in clause (2) or article 29 shallprevent the State from making any special provision for theadvancement <strong>of</strong> any socially and educationally backward
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