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documents concerning land surveying. He grew enthusiastic about research on watermarks and started to study the theoretical aspects of the field, especially its use for dating and assessing the provenance of 15th century manuscripts and incunabula. By applying research on watermarks to his studies of very early German incunabula, he increased the accuracy of his dating and was able to ascribe his objects of study to certain printers. His publications on the Missale Speciale and Catholicon have become well known. Gerardy compiled a huge collection of watermark images, which he took from documents in German archives by means of tracing, photography and beta radiography. He supplemented this collection with watermarks taken from reference books such as Briquet’s “Les Filigranes”. The core of his collection is made up of watermarks from 15th century German documents. Consequently, most of the watermarks in his collection are of the “Bull’s head” motif, which was frequently used in Germany. Gerardy collected almost 15,000 images of watermarks. Each watermark image also includes additional information, such as its source, the institution holding the document it was taken from, and whether it was copied from the ‘screen’ or ‘felt’ side of the paper. When making tracings, he also included the chain lines as well as other details. It was Gerardy’s wish that his collection be kept together after his death and be sold to an institution that was interested in paper and its history. He favoured the Koninklijke Bibliotheek in The Hague because of his friendship with Hendrik Voorn, at that time curator of the library’s historical paper collection. Moreover, he had earlier sold 2,000 watermarks taken from 18th and 19th century documents to the same library. For this reason, in 1987 the Association of Friends of the KB bought the Gerardy collection from his heirs. The Friends presented the collection to the KB, where it has found a perfect home, complementing the watermark research on Dutch incunabula that was begun by Gerard van Thienen, former curator of the KB. * * * Severin Corsten: Theo Gerardy, in: Lexikon des Buchwesens, Bd. III, Stuttgart 1989–1991, p. 138. Albert J. Elen: Die Wasserzeichensammlung Dr. Ing. Theo Gerardy, in: IPH-Information 22 (1988), p. 160–165. Theodor Gerardy: Zur Methodik der Wasserzeichenforschung, in: Papiergeschichte 6 (1956) 2, p. 14–20. Theodor Gerardy: Die Wasserzeichen des mit Gutenbergs kleiner Psaltertype gedruckten Missale Speciale, in: Papiergeschichte 10 (1960) 2, p. 13–22. Theodor Gerardy: Datieren mit der Hilfe von Wasserzeichen: beispielhaft dargestellt an der Gesamtproduktion der schaumburgischen Papiermühle Arensburg von 1604–1650. Bückeburg 1964. Theodor Gerardy: Die Wasserzeichensammlung: der Aufbau einer Wasserzeichensammlung, in: Papiergeschichte 15 (1965) 1–2, p. 7–14. Theodor Gerardy: Wann wurde das Catholicon mit der Schluss- Schrift von 1460 (GW 3182) wirklich gedruckt, in: Gutenberg- Jahrbuch (1973) p. 105–125. Theodor Gerardy: Zur Methodik des Datierens von Frühdrucken mit Hilfe des Papiers, in: Ars impressoria: Entstehung und Entwicklung des Buchdrucks: eine internationale Festgabe für Severin Corsten zum 65. Geburtstag. Munich1986, S. 47–64. M.v.D. (M.v.D. / C.P.-K.) V 10 Gerhard Piccard V 10 Gerhard Piccard * 1909, artist and watermark scholar, 1961–1997 publication of seventeen “Findbücher” of watermark motifs based on his index of watermarks at the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, important publications on watermark research as a historical aid, † 1989. The largest collection of watermarks world-wide was put together by Gerhard Piccard; his watermark index in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart contains approximately 92,000 samples. According to his own estimate, he made tracings of another 30,000 watermarks that were not transferred to index cards. Piccard published seventeen volumes of ‘Findbücher’, which include 4,540 different watermark types and 44,497 individual signs. Until recently more than half of his collection was still only available on cards in the Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart (Bestand J 340). In the meantime, Piccard’s entire collection of watermarks has been made available on the internet (http://www.piccard-online.de). The first volumes of the registers (‘Krone’, ‘Ochsenkopf’ and for the most part also ‘Turm’) served merely as search aids and presented only watermark types, but the later volumes also included examples of individual watermarks. However, the watermarks reproduced in the card index and the published samples do not correspond exactly. In most cases the registers contain more examples, since Piccard did not transfer all of his tracings onto cards. In some registers, however, here are also instances of there being fewer examples, because he later collected many watermarks to supplement those he had published. 85
V 10a Index cards from Piccard’s collection In the introductions to his registers, Piccard describes each watermark motif and type, and provides information about their historical context. In addition, he records where and when he found each sample, these descriptions linked to the images classified according to type. As in the case of Briquet, the groups, classified according to outer characteristics, are not always convincing; as a rule, however, they enable a watermark to be classified according to a particular type and thus facilitate the search for identical examples or variants. *** Peter Amelung: Nachruf auf Gerhard Piccard (1909–1989), in: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch 1990, S. 386–391. Hermann Bannasch: Die wissenschaftliche Grundlegung der Wasserzeichenkunde. Weg und Wirken des Kunstmalers Gerhard Piccard (1909–1989) in der Wasserzeichenforschung, in: Peter Rückert/Jeannette Godau/Gerald Maier (Hg.): Piccard-Online. Digitale Präsentationen von Wasserzeichen und ihre Nutzung, Stuttgart 2007, S. 137–164. Gerhard Piccard: Die Papiermarken des COD. CUS. 220, in: Mitteilungen und Forschungsbeiträge der Cusanus-Gesellschaft 7 (1969), S. 47–66. 86 Ders.: Papiererzeugung und Buchdruck in Basel bis zum Beginn des 16. Jahrhunderts. Ein wirtschaftsgeschichtlicher Beitrag, in: Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel 76 (1966), S. 1819–1967. Ders.: Problematische Wasserzeichenforschung, in: Börsenblatt für den Deutschen Buchhandel 61 (1965), S. 1546–1548. Ders.: Über die Anfänge des Gebrauchs des Papiers in den deutschen Kanzleien, in: Studi in onore di Amintore Fanfani, III: Medioevo, Mailand 1962, S. 345–401. Ders.: Die Wasserzeichenkartei Piccard im Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, 17 Bde., Stuttgart 1961–1997. Ders.: Die Datierung des Missale speciale (Constantiense) durch seine Papiermarken, in: Börsenblatt für den deutschen Buchhandel 14a (Sondernummer) 1960, S. 259–272. Ders.: Die Wasserzeichenforschung als historische Hilfswissenschaft, in: Archivalische Zeitschrift 52 (1956), S. 62–115. Ders.: Die Wasserzeichenforschung als historische Hilfswissenschaft, in: Der Archivar 4 (1954), Sp. 263–265. Ders.: Wasserzeichenkunde und Urbarforschung, in: Archivum (Paris) II (1953), S. 65–81. P.R. (C.P.-K.)
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The Bernstein Project Booklet of th
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Booklet and catalogue of the exhibi
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Collaborators: Conception and gener
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6 Corpus Chartarum Italicarum (CCI)
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Introduction When dealing with pape
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Ill. 2: Bartolus de Saxoferrato: Tr
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Ill. 2: Schematized rendering of a
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in the Iberian regions under Mooris
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They had all been dug and were fed
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Ill. 8: Paper mill “de schoolmees
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first wove papers in the Spechthaus
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ine bleaching needed control and wa
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uneven diameter in paper from as la
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The watermarks in paper of the Midd
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III 1
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Scientific research on watermarks,
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