Bull's Head and Mermaid - The Bernstein Project - Österreichische ...

V 4 Charles-Moïse Briquet
span the watermarks of a particular group were in use. For
example, within the motif “Mermaid” Briquet makes a distinction
between two sub-groups, French and Italian. According
to Briquet, the watermark No. 13868, dated 1389,
belongs to the latter. Here, Briquet also refers to similar watermarks
he had made tracings of but was not including in
the publication, or that had already been published in earlier
collections. He further divides these into ‘variétés identiques’
and ‘variétés du groupe’. When comparing the
dates of all the watermarks listed under No. 13868, it can
be established that the watermarks in this group were used
from 1380 to 1401.
Briquet’s groups are not always convincing (cf. Piccard,
Ochsenkopf, p. 12–14). However, in cases where Briquet
classified a motif as part of a clearly differentiated group
(type) based on its distinctive outer features, recent research
often confirms the deductions he made about the period
the particular type was used. For instance, the WZMA collection
currently contains fifteen manuscripts with watermarks
that correspond to Briquet’s group around No.
13868 (including Korneuburg, Stadtarchiv, Inv. Nr. 3/1752,
dated 1382, and Wien, ÖNB, Cod. 4470, dated 1390). In
the Piccard-Online collection are sixteen watermarks that
fall within this group (Nos. 160211–160213, 160215–
160225, 21211, 21212); they are all dated, with one exception,
to the period from 1380 to 1400. Watermarks absolutely
identical to Briquet No. 13868 are also found in
both the WZMA collection (AT5000–410_1: Klosterneuburg
Cod. 410, dated to the 1480s) as well as in Piccard-
Online (No. 160219: Florence, 1387) (Ill. V 5a).
***
Charles-Moïse Briquet: Les Filigranes. Dictionnaire historique des
marques du papier dès leurs apparition vers jusqu’en 1600, 4 Vol,
Paris etc. 1907, 2nd Edition Leipzig 1923. – C.-M. Briquet, Les Filigranes.
The New Briquet, Jubilee Edition. Ed. Allan Stevenson, 4
Vol., Amsterdam 1968.
The Briquet Album. A miscellany on watermarks, supplementing
Dr. Briquet’s Les filigranes, Hilversum 1952.
Briquet’s Opuscula. The Complete Works of Dr. C. M. Briquet without
Les Filigranes, Hilversum 1955.
Daniel W. Mosser: Papiers Briquet: The Charles-Moise Briquet
Archive in Geneva, in: Looking at paper: evidence & interpretation.
Symposium proceedings, Toronto 1999, held at the Royal Ontario
Museum and Art Gallery of Ontario, May 13–16, 1999, ed. by
John Slavin ..., Ottawa 2001, 122–127.
Ders.: The Papers of Charles Moise Briquet. Translation (with annotations)
of the French description of the Briquet Archive supplied
by the Bibliothèque publique et universitaire. http://ada.cath.vt.edu:591/DBs/Gravell/briquet/briqeng.html
The Thomas L. Gravell Watermark Archive. Incorporating the The
University of Delaware Library’s Thomas L. Gravell Watermark Collection
and The Unpublished Watermarks and Records from the C.-
M. Briquet Archive at the Bibliothèque publique et universitaire,
Geneva. Provided by the Center for Applied Technologies in the
Humanities (CATH) at Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute &
State University) http://ada.cath.vt.edu:591/dbs/gravell/default.html
A.H. (C.P.-K.)
V 5 Nikolai Petrovich Likhachev
* 1862, university studies in Western European history, dissertation
on paper and the oldest paper mills in Moscow,
one of the most important Russian collectors of manuscripts,
documents, books and autographs, 1899 publication
of his watermark collection, † 1936.
Likhachev, who without a doubt was the most important
Russian scholar of watermarks, began to collect watermarks
in 1890, primarily in libraries and archives in Moscow and St.
Petersburg. His work, published in 1899, contains depictions
of a total of 4,258 tracings of watermarks, collected mainly
from Western European paper from the period before 1700.
Plate 59 of the English version of Likhachev’s watermark
collection depicts watermarks that were formed out of simple
geometrical shapes, very common in Italian paper especially
in the second half of the 14 th century (Ill. p. 82).
This important collection only became available to a larger
audience with the publication of the English version in
1994, in which the material was augmented with a number
of extra registers.
***
Nikolai Petrovich Likhachev: Das Papier und die ältesten Papiermühlen
Moskaus (russian), St. Petersburg 1891.
Ders.: Die paläographische Bedeutung der Wasserzeichen (russian),
St. Petersburg, 1899.
Likhachev’s watermarks, ed. John Simon Gabriel Simmons, Bé van
Ginneken-van de Kasteele (Monumenta Chartae Papyraceae Historiam
Illustrantia XV), Amsterdam 1994.
Nikolai Petrovich Likhachev, 1862–1936: scholar and pioneer codicologist
and student of watermarks, von John Simon Gabriel Simmons,
Oxford 1994.
A.H. (C.P.-K.)
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