cluded not only the laid <strong>and</strong> chain lines, but also the watermarks’ position <strong>and</strong> the size of the individual sheets of paper. Weiß, however, pointed out that Briquet had ignored the existence of pairs of moulds. Moreover, the watermarks in paper used for printing books <strong>and</strong> for copper prints, tobacco paper <strong>and</strong> tissue paper had been very little analysed <strong>and</strong> were awaiting “a second Briquet”. Thus, despite the far-reaching results Briquet had brought to watermark research, there was a much broader range of material that needed to be considered, both temporarily <strong>and</strong> substantially, material that required a systematic examination according to historical methods. For this reason, Weiß developed the following personal goal: “It is hoped that the author’s historical paper collection, as far as a private person is able, might fulfil this need. Eventually, if public funding is granted, an important German paper museum might someday emerge, where individual scholars might quickly <strong>and</strong> dependably have access to information about watermarks.” (Weiß 1926). According to both Charles-Moïse Briquet <strong>and</strong> Gerhard Piccard, the timeframe in which it is possible to make sufficiently accurate datings of watermarks based on their comparisons was from the first known watermarks in the late 13th century to 1600. Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß <strong>and</strong> his son, Wisso Weiß, however, did not accept this limitation: “With regard to watermarks, the last centuries have, especially from a scientific viewpoint, no less importance than earlier centuries. <strong>The</strong> fact that far more material exists from the modern period <strong>and</strong> in many locations, especially in archives <strong>and</strong> libraries, actually urgently requires intensive work ...” (Weiß 1962). Based on these considerations, over the period of nearly a century a watermark collection has emerged that contains more than 300,000 watermark documents which have been indexed <strong>and</strong> arranged systematically. Whenever possible, the watermarks have been identified according to their provenance, a paper mill or papermaker, which became increasingly easier after the emergence of bi-partite <strong>and</strong> multipart watermarks with heraldic elements, monograms, place names or personal names. If not enough information is known about a watermark to include it in the collection’s Division II, which contains watermarks that can be classified according to these criteria, the documents are included in Division I, which contains a multileveled taxonomy organized by watermark motifs. In the last few decades, the significance <strong>and</strong> value of this collection has been demonstrated through numerous musicological studies, documentation, in the treatment of bequests, as well as in the context of the fine arts <strong>and</strong> conservation. Due to the heterogeneity of the assembled material, it has not yet been possible to digitise these unique holdings, <strong>and</strong> thus it cannot be used without the support of the library’s specialist staff. Over the last fifteen years, however, the associated research library has been indexed, thereby making it possible to include it within the <strong>Bernstein</strong> <strong>Project</strong> as a historical paper database. * * * Selected Bibliography: Martha Debes: Professor Dr. Hans H. Bockwitz: (1884–1954). Verzeichnis seiner Schriften, Leipzig-Berlin 1960. Fritz Funke: Das Deutsche Buch- und Schriftmuseum der Deutschen Bücherei in Leipzig, in: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, Mainz 59 (1984), p. 194–210. Wolfgang Schlieder: Die Papierhistorischen Sammlungen des Deutschen Buch- und Schriftmuseums der Deutschen Bücherei Leipzig, in: Das Papier 46 (1992), p. 172–176. Frieder Schmidt: Am Ziel und am Anfang: die Wasserzeichensammlung am Deutschen Buch- und Schriftmuseum der Deutschen Bücherei Leipzig, in: Das Papier 46 (1992), p. 606–610. Frieder Schmidt: Alfred Schultes Beitrag zur deutschen und internationalen Papiergeschichte: Überlegungen zu seinem 50. Todestag, in: Das Papier 48 (1994), p. 193–196. Frieder Schmidt: Rückblick auf ein Forscherleben: zum 100. Geburtstag des Papierhistorikers und Wasserzeichenforschers Dr. Wisso Weiß, in: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 132 (2004), p. 39–42. Frieder Schmidt: In memoriam Prof. Dr. Hans H. Bockwitz, in: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 132 (2004), p. 1441. Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß: Die Papiermühle zu Stockach, ihre Geschichte und ihre Wasserzeichen, in: Schriften des Vereins für Geschichte des Bodensees 44 (1915), p. 14–24, p. 198–204. Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß: Papiergeschichte und Wasserzeichenkunde. Erreichte Ziele und zu lösende Aufgaben, in: Archiv für Buchgewerbe und Gebrauchsgraphik 63 (1926), p. 277–308, 310. Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß: Die Bedeutung des Gesetzes der Formenpaare für die Wasserzeichenkunde, in: Allgemeine Papier-Rundschau (1950), p. 164–166. Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß: H<strong>and</strong>buch der Wasserzeichenkunde. Bearbeitet und hg. von W. Weiß. Leipzig 1962 (Reprint Leipzig 1983). Ulman Weiß: Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß, Prolegomena zu einer Biographie, in: International Paper History = Papiergeschichte international, Marburg 5 (1995), p. 48–53. Wisso Weiß: Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wasserzeichen im europäischen H<strong>and</strong>büttenpapier, in: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, Mainz 62 (1987), p. 109–124. Wisso Weiß: Dreiteilige Wasserzeichen, in: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, Mainz 64 (1989), p. 15–29. F.S. (F.S. / C.P.-K.) Watermark collectors V 1 Vinzenz Franz Werl (OSB) * 1810, 1828 novitiate at the Benedictine Abbey Göttweig, 1833 ordination to priesthood, 1835 professor of theology at the Hauslehranstalt für Dogmatik, 1844 author of a three-volume catalogue of the monastery manuscripts (h<strong>and</strong>written), † 1861. <strong>The</strong> Manuscripten-Catalog der Stiftsbibliothek Göttweig includes, on pages 25–36 of the first volume, a total of 306 somewhat enlarged tracings of watermarks from Göttweig manuscripts. In only a few cases are the images based on a single watermark; most are watermark “types”, that is, drawings of the most important features of several similar watermarks. If a watermark of a particular type is found in a dated manuscript, the respective date is noted. In the manuscript descriptions, the numbers of the recorded watermarks are listed. Page 29 includes the following motifs: “Pincers” (No. 36), “Two crossed keys” (No. 37, 38), “Spade” (No. 39, 40), “Sword” (No. 41), “Chalice” (No. 42), “Bell” (No. 43–48), “Bale” (No. 49) <strong>and</strong> “Hatchet” (No. 50). A.H. (C.P.-K.) 77
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A.H. Alois Haidinger A.P. André Pe