Bull's Head and Mermaid - The Bernstein Project - Österreichische ...
Bull's Head and Mermaid - The Bernstein Project - Österreichische ...
Bull's Head and Mermaid - The Bernstein Project - Österreichische ...
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cluded not only the laid <strong>and</strong> chain lines, but also the watermarks’<br />
position <strong>and</strong> the size of the individual sheets of paper.<br />
Weiß, however, pointed out that Briquet had ignored<br />
the existence of pairs of moulds. Moreover, the watermarks<br />
in paper used for printing books <strong>and</strong> for copper prints, tobacco<br />
paper <strong>and</strong> tissue paper had been very little analysed<br />
<strong>and</strong> were awaiting “a second Briquet”.<br />
Thus, despite the far-reaching results Briquet had brought<br />
to watermark research, there was a much broader range of<br />
material that needed to be considered, both temporarily<br />
<strong>and</strong> substantially, material that required a systematic examination<br />
according to historical methods. For this reason,<br />
Weiß developed the following personal goal: “It is hoped<br />
that the author’s historical paper collection, as far as a private<br />
person is able, might fulfil this need. Eventually, if public<br />
funding is granted, an important German paper museum<br />
might someday emerge, where individual scholars might<br />
quickly <strong>and</strong> dependably have access to information about<br />
watermarks.” (Weiß 1926).<br />
According to both Charles-Moïse Briquet <strong>and</strong> Gerhard Piccard,<br />
the timeframe in which it is possible to make sufficiently<br />
accurate datings of watermarks based on their comparisons<br />
was from the first known watermarks in the late 13th century<br />
to 1600. Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß <strong>and</strong> his son, Wisso Weiß, however,<br />
did not accept this limitation: “With regard to watermarks,<br />
the last centuries have, especially from a scientific viewpoint,<br />
no less importance than earlier centuries. <strong>The</strong> fact that far<br />
more material exists from the modern period <strong>and</strong> in many locations,<br />
especially in archives <strong>and</strong> libraries, actually urgently<br />
requires intensive work ...” (Weiß 1962).<br />
Based on these considerations, over the period of nearly a<br />
century a watermark collection has emerged that contains<br />
more than 300,000 watermark documents which have<br />
been indexed <strong>and</strong> arranged systematically. Whenever possible,<br />
the watermarks have been identified according to their<br />
provenance, a paper mill or papermaker, which became increasingly<br />
easier after the emergence of bi-partite <strong>and</strong> multipart<br />
watermarks with heraldic elements, monograms,<br />
place names or personal names. If not enough information<br />
is known about a watermark to include it in the collection’s<br />
Division II, which contains watermarks that can be classified<br />
according to these criteria, the documents are included in<br />
Division I, which contains a multileveled taxonomy organized<br />
by watermark motifs.<br />
In the last few decades, the significance <strong>and</strong> value of this<br />
collection has been demonstrated through numerous musicological<br />
studies, documentation, in the treatment of bequests,<br />
as well as in the context of the fine arts <strong>and</strong> conservation.<br />
Due to the heterogeneity of the assembled material,<br />
it has not yet been possible to digitise these unique holdings,<br />
<strong>and</strong> thus it cannot be used without the support of the<br />
library’s specialist staff. Over the last fifteen years, however,<br />
the associated research library has been indexed, thereby<br />
making it possible to include it within the <strong>Bernstein</strong> <strong>Project</strong><br />
as a historical paper database.<br />
* * *<br />
Selected Bibliography: Martha Debes: Professor Dr. Hans H. Bockwitz:<br />
(1884–1954). Verzeichnis seiner Schriften, Leipzig-Berlin 1960.<br />
Fritz Funke: Das Deutsche Buch- und Schriftmuseum der Deutschen<br />
Bücherei in Leipzig, in: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, Mainz 59<br />
(1984), p. 194–210.<br />
Wolfgang Schlieder: Die Papierhistorischen Sammlungen des<br />
Deutschen Buch- und Schriftmuseums der Deutschen Bücherei<br />
Leipzig, in: Das Papier 46 (1992), p. 172–176.<br />
Frieder Schmidt: Am Ziel und am Anfang: die Wasserzeichensammlung<br />
am Deutschen Buch- und Schriftmuseum der Deutschen<br />
Bücherei Leipzig, in: Das Papier 46 (1992), p. 606–610.<br />
Frieder Schmidt: Alfred Schultes Beitrag zur deutschen und internationalen<br />
Papiergeschichte: Überlegungen zu seinem 50. Todestag,<br />
in: Das Papier 48 (1994), p. 193–196.<br />
Frieder Schmidt: Rückblick auf ein Forscherleben: zum 100. Geburtstag<br />
des Papierhistorikers und Wasserzeichenforschers Dr. Wisso<br />
Weiß, in: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 132 (2004), p. 39–42.<br />
Frieder Schmidt: In memoriam Prof. Dr. Hans H. Bockwitz, in:<br />
Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 132 (2004), p. 1441.<br />
Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß: Die Papiermühle zu Stockach, ihre Geschichte<br />
und ihre Wasserzeichen, in: Schriften des Vereins für Geschichte<br />
des Bodensees 44 (1915), p. 14–24, p. 198–204.<br />
Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß: Papiergeschichte und Wasserzeichenkunde. Erreichte<br />
Ziele und zu lösende Aufgaben, in: Archiv für Buchgewerbe<br />
und Gebrauchsgraphik 63 (1926), p. 277–308, 310.<br />
Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß: Die Bedeutung des Gesetzes der Formenpaare<br />
für die Wasserzeichenkunde, in: Allgemeine Papier-Rundschau<br />
(1950), p. 164–166.<br />
Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß: H<strong>and</strong>buch der Wasserzeichenkunde. Bearbeitet<br />
und hg. von W. Weiß. Leipzig 1962 (Reprint Leipzig 1983).<br />
Ulman Weiß: Karl <strong>The</strong>odor Weiß, Prolegomena zu einer Biographie,<br />
in: International Paper History = Papiergeschichte international,<br />
Marburg 5 (1995), p. 48–53.<br />
Wisso Weiß: Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte der Wasserzeichen im europäischen<br />
H<strong>and</strong>büttenpapier, in: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch, Mainz 62<br />
(1987), p. 109–124.<br />
Wisso Weiß: Dreiteilige Wasserzeichen, in: Gutenberg-Jahrbuch,<br />
Mainz 64 (1989), p. 15–29.<br />
F.S. (F.S. / C.P.-K.)<br />
Watermark collectors<br />
V 1 Vinzenz Franz Werl (OSB)<br />
* 1810, 1828 novitiate at the Benedictine Abbey Göttweig,<br />
1833 ordination to priesthood, 1835 professor of theology<br />
at the Hauslehranstalt für Dogmatik, 1844 author of a<br />
three-volume catalogue of the monastery manuscripts<br />
(h<strong>and</strong>written), † 1861.<br />
<strong>The</strong> Manuscripten-Catalog der Stiftsbibliothek Göttweig<br />
includes, on pages 25–36 of the first volume, a total of 306<br />
somewhat enlarged tracings of watermarks from Göttweig<br />
manuscripts. In only a few cases are the images based on a<br />
single watermark; most are watermark “types”, that is,<br />
drawings of the most important features of several similar<br />
watermarks. If a watermark of a particular type is found in<br />
a dated manuscript, the respective date is noted. In the<br />
manuscript descriptions, the numbers of the recorded watermarks<br />
are listed.<br />
Page 29 includes the following motifs: “Pincers” (No. 36),<br />
“Two crossed keys” (No. 37, 38), “Spade” (No. 39, 40),<br />
“Sword” (No. 41), “Chalice” (No. 42), “Bell” (No. 43–48),<br />
“Bale” (No. 49) <strong>and</strong> “Hatchet” (No. 50).<br />
A.H. (C.P.-K.)<br />
77