IV 7a IV 7 Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 179, Part I (ff. 1–135) [1370s] Origin: Klosterneuburg (?) <strong>The</strong> first part of the manuscript, which consists of two parts, is a commentary on the Bible by Nicolaus de Lyra. It contains more than a dozen different watermarks. In the 14 th century, more so than in the 15 th century, manuscripts were commonly written on a number of types of paper with different watermarks, each represented by only few sheets. Why this was so remains to be explained. <strong>The</strong> watermark motifs found in Codex 179 – geometric shapes <strong>and</strong> pairs of keys – were especially common in Italian paper of the last third of the 14 th century. Like the vast majority of manuscripts from the Middle Ages, this manuscript contains no indication of when it was written. <strong>The</strong> h<strong>and</strong>writing suggests that it was written in the last third of the 14 th century, but an analysis of its watermarks allows Codex 179 to be dated with still more precision. <strong>The</strong> compilation of the watermarks of Codex 179 shows that the majority are identical (indicated by =) or are variants (indicated with var1, var2, etc.) to watermarks of the following manuscripts: Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 304, 318, 442, 466, 564A, 566, 584, 942 <strong>and</strong> Stiftsarchiv, Rb 1/1, Rb 7/1, Rb 25/1, Vienna, Erzbischöfliche Bibliothek, Cod. 2021 <strong>and</strong> Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, Cod. 3989 (Ill. IV 7a). Of the manuscripts with related watermarks, six are dated. Since they all fall in the period between the years 1372 <strong>and</strong> 1377, it is highly likely that the first part of Codex 179 dates to the 1370s. A.H. (C.P.-K.) IV 8 Klosterneuburg, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 146 1428 Origin: Southern Germany (?) This manuscript contains books of the Old Testament. Johannes Lindenfels from Rottenburg, the last of the scribes who worked on the manuscript, gave, on 294r, his name <strong>and</strong> 1428 as the manuscript’s date of completion. Although this makes dating by means of the watermarks unnecessary, it is useful to record the watermarks of all dated manuscripts (if possible, photographically). On one h<strong>and</strong>, watermarks with definite dates can then be added to the collections used for comparisons with undated manuscripts <strong>and</strong> thus increase the basis of comparison; on the other, they can help verify the reliability of dating by means of watermarks. Codex 146 contains nine different Bull’s head watermarks, one of the most common motifs in the extant paper of the Middle Ages. <strong>The</strong> probable reason for its widespread circulation is that the Bull’s head had become generally accepted, already in the 14 th century, as a papermaker’s 61
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The Bernstein Project Booklet of th
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Booklet and catalogue of the exhibi
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Collaborators: Conception and gener
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Introduction When dealing with pape
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Papiergeschichte als Hilfswissensch
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A.H. Alois Haidinger A.P. André Pe