Ill. 11 zu B zu B zu B
cle, cross consisting in two lines above” (E+F), does not match those of the other sections. Related watermarks are found in the Piccard-Online Collection under No. 153721 (1456) <strong>and</strong> No. 153726 (1456). In the related repertory volume, “Triple Mountain”, Piccard has established that this type of triple mount, numbered 1615–1624 in Section 5 of the book, dates to between 1451 <strong>and</strong> 1456. Since this layer of papers is found within the third section of the manuscript, it seems to have “slipped in” by mistake when the codex was being bound. This explains the slightly later date of “about 1451–1456”, as the manuscript could only be bound after the other four sections were finished. Literature: Unterkircher / Horninger / Lackner, Die datierten H<strong>and</strong>schriften in Wien, Nr. 255; Piccard, Die Wasserzeichenkartei im Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart, Bd. 16/1–2. 50 M.S. / M.W. (C.P.-K.) IV 1 Letter from Sigismund, Archduke of Austria to Count Ulrich von Württemberg 5 August 1459 Paper, 22 x 32 cm, with pressed seal on the back Hauptstaatsarchiv Stuttgart A 602 Nr. 4828 With this letter, Sigismund, Archduke of Austria announces his appointment of Count Hug von Montfort as the head of Swabia to Count Ulrich von Württemberg. <strong>The</strong> paper’s watermark is a triple mount with a rod <strong>and</strong> letter Tau. This is placed in the centre of the sheet, facing from left to right. <strong>The</strong> triple mountain is considered a heraldry watermark. It is formed of three arched hills, the middle of the three the highest. Here it serves as a pedestal or base for the stem <strong>and</strong> cross above. <strong>The</strong> triple mountain is a common heraldry motif, found in this form already in early coats of arms. In addition to the very common triple mountain, depictions of five <strong>and</strong> six mountains are also found. In the heraldry of the Middle Ages, the triple mountain often has the function of the base. In modern heraldry, the same function is usually served by a single hill at the lower edge of the shield. Mountains are found in many variations, above all in Germany, Switzerl<strong>and</strong>, Hungary <strong>and</strong> Italy. Based on this letter’s exact date <strong>and</strong> the watermark of triple mountain, rod <strong>and</strong> letter Tau watermark, Gerhard Piccard was able, by means of his important proof on the basis of identity, to date the Missale speciale (Constantiense) (Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Munich, Clm. 63 ao.) (Piccard 269, Ill. 39). Literature: Gert, Lexikon der Heraldik, S. 60; Piccard, Die Datierung des Missale speciale; Scheibelreiter, Heraldik, S. 77. C.K. (C.P.-K.) IV 2 Vocabularius « Ex quo » [1444–1446] Paper, 193 Sheets, 30 x 21 cm WLB Stuttgart HB VIII 8 Sheet 19 (Watermark: “Hunting horn”) <strong>The</strong> Vocabularius “Ex quo” was written by various h<strong>and</strong>s in a fluid bastarda script <strong>and</strong> is distinguished by its decorative book ornaments <strong>and</strong> embellished initials. <strong>The</strong> manuscript was acquired by the Württembergische L<strong>and</strong>esbibliothek from the Constance Cathedral library by way of the Weingarten Monastery. <strong>The</strong> bilingual Vocabularius has been composed in Latin <strong>and</strong> a Swabian dialect. On the front cover is found a coloured woodblock print portraying John the Baptist <strong>and</strong> John the Evangelist dated to between 1440 <strong>and</strong> 1455 (Ill. IV 2a). This type of text can be found throughout the German-speaking realm of the 15 th century. <strong>The</strong> Vocabularius was intended as a practical guide for underst<strong>and</strong>ing the Bible as well as for interpreting other Latin texts. It was drafted especially for the so-called pauperes scolares, who had only a rudimentary knowledge of Latin. It offered condensed <strong>and</strong> basic information about grammar. A siglia code makes the grammatical category of each lemma clear. <strong>The</strong> Latin explanation of each term is augmented by a translation into the vernacular dialect. On occasion, mnemonic rhymes or quotations are included as examples. <strong>The</strong> aim of the Vocabularius “Ex quo” is to be a short, comprehensive h<strong>and</strong>book that is practical to use. Gerhard Piccard wrote an expertise on the watermarks of this manuscript, <strong>and</strong> described the paper from Sheet 1 to Sheet 161 as containing the Ravensburg watermark “Hunting horn”. From Sheet 162 this is replaced by paper produced in Milan with “Bull’s head with eyes, mouth, etc., with stem <strong>and</strong> five-lobed flower”. Piccard was able, based on a comparison of this watermark with other examples in manuscripts in the Stadtarchiv Nördlingen, to establish their identity. Both Nördling manuscripts indicate the year 1446. <strong>The</strong> second watermark is found as No. 966 <strong>and</strong> 967 of the Bull’s head types included in Piccard’s published Findbuch “Ochsenkopf”. Piccard points out that these Bull’s head watermarks are characterized by significant deformations. He initially dates them to the period after 1440, later considering the years between 1443 <strong>and</strong> 1446 the most likely timeframe for their use. Based on its watermarks, it was possible for Piccard to date the Vocabularius “Ex quo” to between 1444 <strong>and</strong> 1446. Literature: Buhl, Die H<strong>and</strong>schriften der ehemaligen Hofbibliothek Stuttgart, Bd. 4,1; Grubmüller, Vocabularius Ex quo, 1967; Grubmüller, Vocabularius Ex quo, 1999. C.K. (C.P.-K.)
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