Public Health and Communicable Diseases - SA Health - SA.Gov.au
Public Health and Communicable Diseases - SA Health - SA.Gov.au Public Health and Communicable Diseases - SA Health - SA.Gov.au
InfluenzaSouth Australian influenza surveillance combineslaboratory-confirmed cases reported by the Institute ofMedical and Veterinary Science and South Path, withclinical diagnoses of ‘influenza-like illness’ collected bythe Royal College of General Practitioners membersparticipating in the Australian Sentinel Practice Network,and emergency departments of several public hospitals.In the period under review, there were 167 influenza Aand 49 influenza B laboratory isolates reported.The strains from South Australia typed in 2005 by theWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Researchon Influenza (www.influenzacentre.org) were mainlyA/H3/California/7/2004-like and B/Shanghai/361/2002-like. There have also been positive cultures of A/H3/Wellington/1/2004-like, B/Hong Kong/330/2001-like andA/H1/New Caledonia/20/99-like.Invasive pneumococcal diseaseThere were 76 cases of pneumococcal disease reportedduring this period (37 males, 39 females, age range: 8months to 92 years). Four of the cases were indigenous.Eight (11%) cases were notified in children less than fiveyears of age. Four deaths were linked to this disease.GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASESCampylobacterCampylobacter infection remains the most commonlyreported notifiable disease in South Australia. In theperiod under review, 1238 notifications were receivedfor residents of metropolitan Adelaide and rural SouthAustralia. This compares with 1079 cases notified duringthe corresponding period in 2004.A cluster of 14 cases of Campylobacter infection wasassociated with a school in metropolitan Adelaide.An analytical study showed a significant associationbetween illness and eating a meal at the school. Thesource of the illness was not identified.CryptosporidiosisSixty three cases were reported (31 males, 32 females,age range: 1 month to 81 years). No clusters oroutbreaks were identified.Hepatitis AIn the period under review there were seven cases ofhepatitis A notified. Four of the seven cases were partof a cluster that was investigated by the CommunicableDisease Control Branch. Three of the four (two males,two females, age range: 7 to 52 years) cases resided in aremote South Australian town and the other resided in aneighbouring town. Two cases were indigenous. No directcontact between the four cases could be established.Health information and an expanded immunisationprogram were implemented in the local area.42The other three cases (three males, age range: 43 to 57years) reported recent overseas travel to endemic areasfor hepatitis A infection and interstate travel.ListeriosisFive cases of listeriosis were notified in the reportingperiod (three females, two males, age range: 53 to 73years). One of the cases was Listeria monocytogenesserogroup 4 and four cases were Listeriamonocytogenes serogroup 1.The four Listeria moncytogenes serogroup 1 cases wereinvestigated as a cluster. Prior to illness onset all caseshad admissions to one or several health care facilities.Three had underlying immuno-compromising illnessesand two died. Results of molecular typing established alink between contaminated food and illness in two casesassociated with one particular health care facility. Theremaining two cases had molecular typing different fromeach other and different from the common strain sharedby the contaminated food and the two cases associatedwith a particular health care facility.ShigellosisThere were 30 cases of shigellosis reported (11 males,19 females). Of these, Shigella flexneri type 4a mannitolnegative and Shigella sonnei biotype g were the mostfrequently reported species.Transmission of Shigella flexneri type 4a mannitolnegative was associated with living in remotecommunities in South Australia. In total, eight caseswere reported (three males, five females, age range: 4to 68 years); seven of these were indigenous.Eight cases of Shigella sonnei biotype g infection werenotified during this period (four males, four females,age range: 5 to 67 years). Six cases reported recentoverseas travel.Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coliThirteen cases were reported during the period underreview (five males, eight females, age range: 8 to90 years). The majority of cases were residents ofmetropolitan Adelaide. No common exposure or sourceof illness was identified among the cases.SalmonellosisIn the period under review, 294 cases of salmonellosiswere reported. The most commonly reported wereSalmonella Typhimurium phage type 64 (44 cases),Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 44 (29 cases),Salmonella Infantis (23 cases), Salmonella Typhimuriumphage type 9 (14 cases), Salmonella Typhimurium phagetype 108 (13 cases), Salmonella Typhimurium phage type135a (12 cases) and Salmonella Typhimurium phage type135 (11 cases).
Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 44The Communicable Disease Control Branch investigatedan outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type44 associated with a child care centre (16 cases)and community cases (13 cases) that occurredsimultaneously. Investigations were unable to identifythe source of the infections; however person to persontransmission is a likely explanation for the illness in thechild care centre.Salmonella ParatyphiThere were two cases of paratyphoid fever notifiedduring this period. One case was identified asSalmonella Paratyphi A in a 30 year old female and theother was identified as Salmonella Paratyphi B in a 19year old female. Both cases reported recent travel toAsia.Salmonella TyphiOne case was notified in a 26 year old female whoreported recent exposure in Africa.OUTBREAKS OF GASTROENTERITISDuring this period, a total of 16 outbreaks ofgastroenteritis were investigated by the CommunicableDisease Control Branch. Of the 16 outbreaks, 14 werereported in aged care facilities. Norovirus infectionwas identified as the infecting agent for eight of the14 outbreaks reported in aged care facilities. No agentwas identified for the other six outbreaks in aged carefacilities.Norovirus was also identified as the agent responsiblefor two sporadic outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness at arestaurant (22 patrons affected) and at a private function(ten persons affected).OTHER DISEASESLegionellosisThere were 30 sporadic cases of legionellosis reportedduring this period. Of the 30 cases 23 (14 males, ninefemales, age range: 25 to 88 years) were Legionellalongbeachae, four (three males, one female, age range:37 to 83 years) were Legionella pneumophila serogroup1 and three cases (two males, one female, age range:54 to 82 years) were Legionella pneumophila serogroup2. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2 was detectedin a domestic hot water system. This is likely to be thesource of the infection for one of the cases of Legionellapneumophila serogroup 2.Invasive meningococcal diseaseThere were 18 laboratory confirmed cases ofmeningococcal disease reported (nine males, ninefemales, age range: 4 months to 77 years). Of the 18cases, 15 were identified as serogroup B, two wereidentified as serogroup C and one was identified asserogroup Y. There was one death in an 11 month oldchild from rural South Australia.The Public Health Bulletin South Australia is a publication of the S.A. Department of Health. The Bulletin aims to providecurrent data and information to practitioners and policy makers emphasising the value of orienting services towardsprevention, promotion and early intervention and to support effective public health interventions.The Editorial team welcomes correspondence and suggestions for public health/ primary prevention themes for futureeditions of the PHBSA. Please email phbsa@health.sa.gov.au or write toThe Managing Editor, Public Health Bulletin South Australia, Health Promotion Branch, Department of Health,PO Box 287, Rundle Mall, Adelaide 5000 or fax (08) 8226 6133. Comments and reports should be 500 – 600 words.Guidelines for authors are available from the managing editor.To add your name to the distribution list for the Public Health Bulletin South Australia please email: phbsa@health.sa.gov.auThe PHBSA can also be accessed in PDF format from http://www.dh.sa.gov.au/pehs/publications/public-health-bulletin.htmThe articles appearing in this publication represent the views of the authors and not necessarily those of the Minister forHealth or the Department of Health. No responsibility is accepted by the Minister for Health or the Department of Healthfor any errors or omissions contained within this publication. The information contained within the publication is forgeneral information only. Readers should always seek independent, professional advice where appropriate and no liabilitywill be accepted for any loss or damage arising from reliance upon any information in this publication.43
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Salmonella Typhimurium phage type 44The <strong>Communicable</strong> Disease Control Branch investigatedan outbreak of Salmonella Typhimurium phage type44 associated with a child care centre (16 cases)<strong>and</strong> community cases (13 cases) that occurredsimultaneously. Investigations were unable to identifythe source of the infections; however person to persontransmission is a likely explanation for the illness in thechild care centre.Salmonella ParatyphiThere were two cases of paratyphoid fever notifiedduring this period. One case was identified asSalmonella Paratyphi A in a 30 year old female <strong>and</strong> theother was identified as Salmonella Paratyphi B in a 19year old female. Both cases reported recent travel toAsia.Salmonella TyphiOne case was notified in a 26 year old female whoreported recent exposure in Africa.OUTBREAKS OF GASTROENTERITISDuring this period, a total of 16 outbreaks ofgastroenteritis were investigated by the <strong>Communicable</strong>Disease Control Branch. Of the 16 outbreaks, 14 werereported in aged care facilities. Norovirus infectionwas identified as the infecting agent for eight of the14 outbreaks reported in aged care facilities. No agentwas identified for the other six outbreaks in aged carefacilities.Norovirus was also identified as the agent responsiblefor two sporadic outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness at arest<strong>au</strong>rant (22 patrons affected) <strong>and</strong> at a private function(ten persons affected).OTHER DISEASESLegionellosisThere were 30 sporadic cases of legionellosis reportedduring this period. Of the 30 cases 23 (14 males, ninefemales, age range: 25 to 88 years) were Legionellalongbeachae, four (three males, one female, age range:37 to 83 years) were Legionella pneumophila serogroup1 <strong>and</strong> three cases (two males, one female, age range:54 to 82 years) were Legionella pneumophila serogroup2. Legionella pneumophila serogroup 2 was detectedin a domestic hot water system. This is likely to be thesource of the infection for one of the cases of Legionellapneumophila serogroup 2.Invasive meningococcal diseaseThere were 18 laboratory confirmed cases ofmeningococcal disease reported (nine males, ninefemales, age range: 4 months to 77 years). Of the 18cases, 15 were identified as serogroup B, two wereidentified as serogroup C <strong>and</strong> one was identified asserogroup Y. There was one death in an 11 month oldchild from rural South Australia.The <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Health</strong> Bulletin South Australia is a publication of the S.A. Department of <strong>Health</strong>. The Bulletin aims to providecurrent data <strong>and</strong> information to practitioners <strong>and</strong> policy makers emphasising the value of orienting services towardsprevention, promotion <strong>and</strong> early intervention <strong>and</strong> to support effective public health interventions.The Editorial team welcomes correspondence <strong>and</strong> suggestions for public health/ primary prevention themes for futureeditions of the PHB<strong>SA</strong>. Please email phbsa@health.sa.gov.<strong>au</strong> or write toThe Managing Editor, <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Health</strong> Bulletin South Australia, <strong>Health</strong> Promotion Branch, Department of <strong>Health</strong>,PO Box 287, Rundle Mall, Adelaide 5000 or fax (08) 8226 6133. Comments <strong>and</strong> reports should be 500 – 600 words.Guidelines for <strong>au</strong>thors are available from the managing editor.To add your name to the distribution list for the <strong>Public</strong> <strong>Health</strong> Bulletin South Australia please email: phbsa@health.sa.gov.<strong>au</strong>The PHB<strong>SA</strong> can also be accessed in PDF format from http://www.dh.sa.gov.<strong>au</strong>/pehs/publications/public-health-bulletin.htmThe articles appearing in this publication represent the views of the <strong>au</strong>thors <strong>and</strong> not necessarily those of the Minister for<strong>Health</strong> or the Department of <strong>Health</strong>. No responsibility is accepted by the Minister for <strong>Health</strong> or the Department of <strong>Health</strong>for any errors or omissions contained within this publication. The information contained within the publication is forgeneral information only. Readers should always seek independent, professional advice where appropriate <strong>and</strong> no liabilitywill be accepted for any loss or damage arising from reliance upon any information in this publication.43
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