Public Health and Communicable Diseases - SA Health - SA.Gov.au
Public Health and Communicable Diseases - SA Health - SA.Gov.au Public Health and Communicable Diseases - SA Health - SA.Gov.au
While ongoing monitoring and analysis over a longertime period is required to confirm changes in utilisationrates, some trends in usage of individual antimicrobialclasses and agents within classes are evident.Intervention programs to modify prescribing patternsfor classes linked to the emergence of multi-resistantspecies and other organisms, such as Clostridiumdifficile, should be considered a priority for all SouthAustralian hospitals.References1. Haley RW. The scientific basis for using surveillanceand risk factor data to reduce nosocomialinfection rates. Journal of Hospital Infection.1995;30(Supplement):3-14.2. An Expert Working Group of the Australian InfectionControl Association. Blood Stream Infection (BSI)Definition. National Surveillance of HealthcareAssociated Infection in Australia. Approved byHealthcare Associated Infections Advisory Committeeof Safety and Quality–Sept 04. Available from: http://www.safetyandquality.org/index.cfm?page=Action#suvlncdefine3. Bartlett J, Perl T. The New Clostridium difficile - WhatDoes It Mean? New England Journal of Medicine.2005;353(23):2503-5.For further information regarding either definitions usedor information discussed in this report please refer tothe “Definitions” section of the Infection Control Servicewebsite. http://www.healthsa.sa.gov.au/infectioncontrol/Communicable DiseaseControl Branch Report– 01 July to 31 December 2005VECTORBORNE DISEASESRoss River virusThere were 64 cases reported during this period. A totalof 57 cases were notified in 2004 (26 males, 38 females,age range: 8 to 85 years). The majority of cases eitherresided in or reported recent travel to the Riverland,South-East and Far North of South Australia.The last major outbreak of Ross River virus infections inSouth Australia occurred during the summer of 2000-2001. Figure 1 (see below) illustrates 3 to 4 yearly cyclicincreases in the number of cases of Ross River virusinfection.Barmah Forest virusIn the period under review, 15 cases of Barmah Forestvirus infection were reported. A total of four cases werereported for the same period in 2004. Of the 15 cases,ten (67%) either resided in or reported travel to ruralSouth Australia.An epidemic curve and source map illustrating RossRiver virus activity in South Australia can be viewedon our web site: http://www.health.sa.gov.au/pehs/.Information on preventing vector borne diseases andFight the Bite campaign can also be obtained by visitingthis website.Dengue feverThere were three reports of dengue fever in people whoreported recent travel to Asia (one male, two females,age range: 14 to 45 years).40
MalariaNineteen cases of malaria were reported (nine males,ten females, age range: 4 to 62 years). Of the 19 cases,13 were Plasmodium falciparum, five were Plasmodiumvivax and there was one mixed infection of Plasmodiumvivax and Plasmodium falciparum. Cases infected withPlasmodium falciparum reported exposure in Africawhile Plasmodium vivax cases reported recent travel toSouth-East Asia and the Pacific region.ZOONOSESQ feverThere were 6 reports of Q fever (five males, one female,age range: 22 to 53 years). Five cases reported variousrisk factors associated with animal contact and the othercase reported no known risk factors.VACCINE PREVENTABLE DISEASESPertussisA total of 757 cases were notified during this period.Cases were geographically dispersed throughoutmetropolitan and rural South Australia. For thecorresponding period in 2004 there were 800 pertussiscases reported. Figure 2 illustrates the increase innumber of cases reported by age grouping and year ofonset of illness.Invasive Haemophilus influenzaeEight cases of Haemophilus influenzae were notified(five males, three females, age range: 23 to 92 years).Of the eight cases, five were typed as non-groupable,the serogroup was unknown for two cases and one casewas identified as serogroup F.MumpsFive cases of mumps were notified during this period(one male, four females, age range: 25 to 65 years).Vaccination status was unknown for three cases and theother two cases had not been vaccinated.41
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While ongoing monitoring <strong>and</strong> analysis over a longertime period is required to confirm changes in utilisationrates, some trends in usage of individual antimicrobialclasses <strong>and</strong> agents within classes are evident.Intervention programs to modify prescribing patternsfor classes linked to the emergence of multi-resistantspecies <strong>and</strong> other organisms, such as Clostridiumdifficile, should be considered a priority for all SouthAustralian hospitals.References1. Haley RW. The scientific basis for using surveillance<strong>and</strong> risk factor data to reduce nosocomialinfection rates. Journal of Hospital Infection.1995;30(Supplement):3-14.2. An Expert Working Group of the Australian InfectionControl Association. Blood Stream Infection (BSI)Definition. National Surveillance of <strong>Health</strong>careAssociated Infection in Australia. Approved by<strong>Health</strong>care Associated Infections Advisory Committeeof Safety <strong>and</strong> Quality–Sept 04. Available from: http://www.safety<strong>and</strong>quality.org/index.cfm?page=Action#suvlncdefine3. Bartlett J, Perl T. The New Clostridium difficile - WhatDoes It Mean? New Engl<strong>and</strong> Journal of Medicine.2005;353(23):2503-5.For further information regarding either definitions usedor information discussed in this report please refer tothe “Definitions” section of the Infection Control Servicewebsite. http://www.healthsa.sa.gov.<strong>au</strong>/infectioncontrol/<strong>Communicable</strong> DiseaseControl Branch Report– 01 July to 31 December 2005VECTORBORNE DISEASESRoss River virusThere were 64 cases reported during this period. A totalof 57 cases were notified in 2004 (26 males, 38 females,age range: 8 to 85 years). The majority of cases eitherresided in or reported recent travel to the Riverl<strong>and</strong>,South-East <strong>and</strong> Far North of South Australia.The last major outbreak of Ross River virus infections inSouth Australia occurred during the summer of 2000-2001. Figure 1 (see below) illustrates 3 to 4 yearly cyclicincreases in the number of cases of Ross River virusinfection.Barmah Forest virusIn the period under review, 15 cases of Barmah Forestvirus infection were reported. A total of four cases werereported for the same period in 2004. Of the 15 cases,ten (67%) either resided in or reported travel to ruralSouth Australia.An epidemic curve <strong>and</strong> source map illustrating RossRiver virus activity in South Australia can be viewedon our web site: http://www.health.sa.gov.<strong>au</strong>/pehs/.Information on preventing vector borne diseases <strong>and</strong>Fight the Bite campaign can also be obtained by visitingthis website.Dengue feverThere were three reports of dengue fever in people whoreported recent travel to Asia (one male, two females,age range: 14 to 45 years).40
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