FRONTESPIZIO - Cooperazione Italiana allo Sviluppo

8 Aldo Morrone4. Increase of uncontrolled tourism in tropical countries, related to sexualabuse, particularly of children, has led to uncontrolled increases in malaria,STDs and AIDS.5. Child labour most often causes cutaneous allergies and systemic damagedue to toxic or allergizing substances.Children and skin diseasesWhat is tragic is that the bulk of the population suffering from skin diseasesare children. It is estimated that children form 50% of the total populationin developing countries, and of these 75% have skin diseases. The majorityof the children population has no access to essential dermatological drugs.Children face unusually high health risks as they grow. The obstacles to optimalhealth are greatest for children born into poverty. Across the world,children are at higher risk of dying if they are poor. For millions of childrentoday, particularly in Africa, the biggest health challenge is to survive untiltheir fifth birthday, and their chances of doing so are fewer than they were adecade ago. Although approximately 10.5 million children under 5 years ofage still die every year in the world, progress has been made since 1970, whenthe figure was more than 17 million. Although child health has improvedoverall, three of the ten most important conditions of the diseases of greatestglobal burden are still diseases of childhood: the perinatal conditions closelyassociated with poverty, those arising in the perinatal period, including birthasphyxia, birth trauma and low birth weight; diarrhoeal diseases; pneumoniaand other lower respiratory tract conditions. Overall, 35% of Africa’s childrenare at higher risk of death than they were 10 years ago.Iinternational migration and childrenInternal conflicts, poverty and the disintegration of nation-states has resultedin significant population movements, particularly with respect to immigrants,refugees, asylum seekers and displaced persons. People are increasinglyon the move for political, humanitarian, economic and environmental reasons.This population mobility has health and human rights implicationsboth for migrants and for those they leave behind. Migrations often face seriousobstacles to good health due to discrimination, language and culturalbarriers, legal status, and other economic and social difficulties. Human migrationhas always represented a complex social and political problem, withparticular impact on medical and health services. The reality of immigrationfrom developing countries, has only recently begun to affect Europe.