FRONTESPIZIO - Cooperazione Italiana allo Sviluppo

More documents

Recommendations

Info

112 Tigray RHB; T.M.A.; IISMAN onlus; Italian Cooperation - HSDPSummaryAs in most developing countries, basic health services in Ethiopia are notavailable particularly to the large segment of the population living in rural areas.A shortage of qualified staff, poor diagnostic capability, scarcity of equipmentand medicines, etc. is a common situation in the country. The per capitaexpenditure for health is about 5US$ per year, 2/3 of which are “out ofpocket” by the patient. These shortcomings are even more dramatically evidentat peripheral level where a minimum health service package is still notyet available to the population. Moreover the problem is worsened and aggravatedby the escalating HIV/AIDS epidemic and its consequences.This OPERATIONAL RESEARCH scheme therefore deals with the improvementof basic health services in order to address the emerging skin diseasesrelated to HIV/AIDS and to other systemic illnesses in Tigray Region.This endeavour aims at improving the capacity of health professionals andhealth workers at 1 st and 2° level (Health Post and Health Centre) throughtraining and surveys on skin conditions in the research localities. Capacitybuilding together with basic survey strategy is believed to improve the diagnosticand curative capabilities of those health workers, as well as their orientationin case referral abilities. The survey findings will provide a useful databasefor future improvement on the skills of the health workers and on theservice provided to the community.The Italian Cooperation (IC) in Ethiopia through its “Contribution to HS-DP” programme is the prominent fund giver for this project, whereas theTigray Regional Health Bureau (RHB) is the institutional counterpart andthe ultimate beneficiary. The IISMAS Onlus (Istituto Internazionale ScienzeMediche Antropologiche Sociali) - Istituto San Gallicano in Rome, togetherwith the Tigray Medical Association (TMA) will be the two scientific partnersand implementing agencies. The project duration is two years fromOctober 2005 to September 2007.1. Background informationEthiopia is located in the horn of Africa and it is one of the largest countriesin Africa, extending over an area of about 1.112.000 square kilometers.Ethiopia is the second most populous country in sub-Saharan Africa afterNigeria with an estimated total population of approximately 71.1 million accordingto the projection of the 1994 population and housing census, of
7. HIV and skin: an operational research (O.R.) in Tigray region, Ethiopia 113which more than 60 million (85%) live in rural areas. The sex ratio (male tofemale) is approximately 1:1 with slight prevalence of females.The annual population growth rate is 2.7%. The percentage of populationaged 60+ is 4.6%.Administratively, Ethiopia is divided into 9 regional states and 2 administrativecouncils and further subdivided into zones and weredas. The country isa land of great topographical diversity of high rigged mountain, flat toppedplateaus, deep gorges, incised river valleys and rolling plains which are responsiblefor tropical, sub-tropical and temperate climatic conditions. Thisenvironmental mosaic marked the diversity of plant and animal life. Thecountry is a land not only of highly varied landscape, and hence flora andfauna, but also of a multiplicity of ethnic groupings with complex cultural diversity.Furthermore, the existing archaeological evidence suggests thatEthiopia is one of the few countries considered to be the cradles for the evolutionof mankind, a fact that is also a testimony to the great antiquity anddiversity of cultural values. This cultural diversity is the result of a long processof interaction and contact among the people in the country and withthat elsewhere, mainly across the red sea. It is believed that this interaction ofpeoples was primarily responsible for the introduction of written languagebeginning from the era of the ancient Axumite kingdom.Unfortunately, recurrent droughts that often lead by epidemics of cholera, typhus,dysentery, the current HIV/AIDS epidemics and the opportunistic infections,poverty of the majority of the population as embodied by malnutrition,illiteracy, and neglected surroundings have always favoured the propagationand dissemination of diseases, migration, family breakage and streetlife etc. in the country. In this desolation the rural community is the conspicuousvulnerable groups. Ethiopia has extremely poor health status relative toother low-income countries (largely attributable to potentially preventableinfectious diseases and nutritional deficiencies) and a high rate of populationgrowth. Widespread poverty along with general low income levels of the vastmajority of the population, low education levels (especially among women),inadequate access to clean water and sanitation facilities, and poor access tohealth services have also contributed to the burden of ill health.The low level of economic development places severe strains on the healthsector, and increases the importance of good health at the same time. Thehealth sector is called upon to provide greater services for persons in poorhealth, but with little resources. At the same time, economic conditions ofthe country can be improved by improving the productivity of its population.
Page 1 and 2:
Introduction: dermatology and human
Page 3 and 4:
Page 5 and 6:
Page 7 and 8:
1. Introduction: dermatology and hu
Page 9 and 10:
Page 11 and 12:
Page 13 and 14:
2. The ethio-italian cooperation pr
Page 15 and 16:
Page 17 and 18:
Page 19 and 20:
Page 21 and 22:
3. The ethiopian health sector and
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29 and 30:
Page 31 and 32:
Page 33 and 34:
Page 35 and 36:
Page 37 and 38:
Page 39 and 40:
Page 41 and 42:
4. Building the national health man
Page 43 and 44:
Page 45 and 46:
Page 47 and 48:
Page 49 and 50:
Page 51 and 52:
Page 53 and 54:
Page 55 and 56:
Page 57 and 58:
Human resources Human forresources
Page 59 and 60:
important share of household expend
Page 61 and 62: 5. Human resources for health (HRH)
Page 81 and 82: 6. Using indicators to measure the
Page 85 and 86: ∞ The majority of countries have
Page 89 and 90: ∞ Stock-keeping and handling of m
Page 91 and 92: Essential medicines save lives, red
Page 93 and 94: Comparison of affordability (both f
Page 99 and 100: independent information centres. Ta
Page 105 and 106: 7. HIV and skin: an operational res
Page 111: 7. HIV and skin: an operational res
Page 119 and 120: The pandemic of HIV/AIDS is spreadi
Page 131 and 132: 8. Operational research in tigray r
Page 135: 8. Operational research in tigray r
show all

FRONTESPIZIO - Cooperazione Italiana allo Sviluppo

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?