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102 Andrea Gardellin, Abraham Gebre GiorgisTableTable18. Summary18. Summaryof nationalof nationalindicatorsindicatorson rationalon rationaldrugdruguseusein Primaryin PrimaryHealthCare Facilities (PHCFs)Health Care Facilities (PHCFs)Indicators Therapy Mean MedianTreatment of diarrhoea (watery, non Percentage of ORS use 81.87 90bloody) in childrenPercentage of antibiotic use 49.63 50Percentage of anti-diarrhoea and/or 2.55 0antispasmodic drugs useTreatment of non-pneumonia ARTI Percentage of antibiotic use 60.69 70Treatment of mild/moderate pneumonia Percentage of use of any of the first line 54.1 50antibiotics (procaine penicillin inj.,Amoxicillin, Cotrimoxazole)Percentage of use of more than one 2.36 0antibioticAverage number of drugs per encounter 1.99 1.97Percentage of antibiotic(s) per encounter 58 57Percentage of injection(s) per encounter 26.98 23Percentage of drugs adequately labelled 42.66 46Percentage of patient with adequate knowledge 67.36 70Percentage availability of STG 39 0Percentage availability of regional or facility EDL in the facility
6. Using indicators to measure the pharmaceutical sector in Ethiopia 103commonly assessed by checking whether the chosen tracer diseases had beentreated according to the treatment schedules recommended in the STGs.For this purpose, three disease conditions, namely, diarrhoeal disease in children(watery, non-bloody), non-pneumonia Acute Respiratory TractInfection (ARTI) and mild/moderate pneumonia have been chosen. The recommendedtreatments are: ORS for watery, non-bloody diarrhea; non - use ofantibiotic for non-pneumonia ARTI and use of any of the first line antibiotics forMild/Moderate pneumonia (Procaine Penicillin, Amoxicillin or Cotrimoxazole).The national average for percentage of ORS use is 81.9% and it is close tothe ideal value of 100%.The national average for percentage of antibiotic use in health facilities is49.6% . This is a bad practice since the norm is not to use any antibiotic inwatery, non-bloody diarrhoea.The national average for percentage of this mode of treatment in healthfacilities is 2.6% and this is not very far from the ideal value of zero use.The national average percentage use of antibiotic is 60.7% and this is a significantdeviation from the STGs.The national average percentage use of any of the first line antibiotics is54.1% with a minimum of 0% and maximum of 100% showing a widerange of 100. The practice is unsatisfactory as compared with the recommendationsin the STG.At the national level, the percentage of use of more than one antibiotic inthe treatment of mild/moderate pneumonia is 2.4% with a maximum of30% and minimum of 0%. The results show a very good overall complianceto STG and needs to be maintained, if not improved.
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Introduction: dermatology and human
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1. Introduction: dermatology and hu
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2. The ethio-italian cooperation pr
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3. The ethiopian health sector and
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4. Building the national health man
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