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6. Using indicators to measure the pharmaceutical sector in Ethiopia 101Figure 14. Average number of medicines per prescription in public healthfacilitiesFigure 14. Average number of medicines per prescription in public health facilities• ∞The number of medicines prescribed per per episode episode of outpatient of care care was 2–3 was for 2–3mostfor countries. most countries.5.8 In EthiopiaOnly in January 2004 the Ethiopian Drug Administration and Control Authority(DACA) 5.8 In Ethiopia has published a completed set of Standard Treatment Guidelines (STG) fordifferent Only in level January of health 2004 care the facilities, Ethiopian hospitals, Drug health Administration centres and health and Control stations(the Ministry of Health has prepared STG for six types of most common andAuthority (DACA) has published a completed set of Standard Treatmentimportant diseases). In the same period (January 2004) a set of national formulariesbased Guidelines on the (STG) List of Drugs for different for Ethiopia level (LIDE of health July 2002 care edition) facilities, have hospitals, been published healthby centres DACA. and health stations (the Ministry of Health has prepared STG for sixtypes of most common and important diseases). In the same period (JanuaryThe concept of essential drugs in Ethiopia is part of the basic curricula of pharmacists2004) a set of national formularies based on List of Drugs for Ethiopiaand pharmacy technicians. Public education on rational use of drugs is being given byDACA (LIDE through July 2002 the mass edition) media. have There been is published no mandated by continuing DACA. education programfor The health concept professionals, essential except drugs thatin pharmacy Ethiopia and is medical part of associations the basic curricula occasionally oforganize pharmacists continuing and pharmacy education programs technicians. for their Public members. education on rational use ofdrugs is being given by DACA through the mass media. There is no mandatedcontinuing and rarely education in the Health program Centres, for health without professionals, coordination except among that themphar-andThe Drug and Therapeutic Committee are established only in few Hospitals in thecountryDACA macy and at central medical level. associations DACA has established occasionally a Drug organize Information continuing Centreeducationbut is notwell programs developed for their and needs members. to better evaluated. Very recently (2006) a task force forthe antimicrobial resistance strategy has been established at national level but notThe Drug and Therapeutic Committee are established only in few Hospitalsreference laboratory has been organised.in the country and rarely in the Health Centres, without coordination amongIn them and following DACA table at some central of level. the important DACA indicators has established related a with Drug theInformationrational druguse Centre in Ethiopia but is are not showed: well developed and needs to be better evaluated. Very recently(2006) a task force for the antimicrobial resistance strategy has beenTable 18. Summary of national indicators on rational drug use in PrimaryHealth Care Facilities (PHCFs)established at national level but not reference laboratory has been organised.In the following Indicators table some of the important Therapy indicators related Mean with the Median rationaldrug use in Ethiopia areTreatment of diarrhoea (watery, non Percentage of ORS use 81.87 90showed:bloody) in childrenPercentage of antibiotic use 49.63 50Percentage of anti-diarrhoea and/or 2.55 0