Applying HSPF in Cooper River Watershed for Watershed ...

Applying HSPF in Cooper RiverWatershed for WatershedRestoration PlanningZeyuan QiuNew Jersey Institute of TechnologySeptember 20, 2007

Outline• Why watershed modeling• Why HSPF in Cooper River Watershed• What is HSPF• How to Apply HSPF• A Plan to Apply HSPF in Cooper RiverWatershed

Why Watershed ModelingA watershed model simulates the biologicaland physical processes of runoff andpollutant generation and transport underdifferent land use and managementconditions in a watershed. Common reasonsfor watershed modeling:• Identifying the sources and causes• Evaluating the impacts of BMPs• Comparing the management scenarios• Water quality monitoring is limited andexpensive

Why HSPF in Cooper RiverWatershed?Cooper River Watershed is too complicatedfor other watershed models to handle:• Urban watershed (78 % Urban, 10 % forest,8 % wetlands, little others).• Complicated in-stream and lake processes• Various pollutants (F. Coli., P, Metals)

SublistStation Name/WaterbodySite IDParametersData Source4Cooper River at Haddonfield01467150, 01467140,18-CO-4Phosphorus, Fecal ColiformNJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon5Cooper River at Haddonfield01467150, 01467140,18-CO-4Arsenic, Lead, TetrachloroethyleneNJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon3Cooper River at Haddonfield01467150, 01467140,18-CO-4Cadmium, MercuryNJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon1Cooper River at Haddonfield01467150, 01467140,18-CO-4Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, Nitrate,Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids,Unionized Ammonia, Chromium, Copper,Nickel, Selenium, ZincNJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon5Cooper River at Hopkins PondCooper River atHopkins PondPCBs, DioxinNJDEP Fish Tissue Monitoring4Cooper River at Lindenwold01467120Fecal ColiformNJDEP/USGS Data5Cooper River at Lindenwold01467120PhosphorusNJDEP/USGS Data5Cooper River at Rt 130 atCamden18-CO-1Arsenic, Lead, Mercury, TetrachloroethyleneNJDEP Metal Recon3Cooper River at Rt 130 atCamden18-CO-1CadmiumNJDEP Metal Recon1Cooper River at Rt 130 atCamden18-CO-1Chromium, Copper, Nickel, Selenium, ZincNJDEP Metal Recon3Cooper River Lake-18Cooper River LakePhosphorusNJDEP Clean Lakes, NJDEP FishTissue Monitoring5Cooper River Lake-18Cooper River LakePCBs, DioxinNJDEP Clean Lakes, NJDEP FishTissue Monitoring4Cooper River N Br at Kresson01467155, 18-CO-2Fecal ColiformNJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon5Cooper River N Br at Kresson01467155, 18-CO-2Phosphorus, Dissolved Oxygen, pH, ArsenicNJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon3Cooper River N Br at Kresson01467155, 18-CO-2Cadmium, MercuryNJDEP/USGS Data, Metal Recon

SublistStation Name/WaterbodySite IDParametersData Source1Cooper River N Br at Kresson01467155, 18-CO-2Temperature, Nitrate, Dissolved Solids, TotalSuspended Solids, Unionized Ammonia,Chromium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Selenium,ZincNJDEP/USGS Data, MetalRecon3Cooper River N Br at Kresson Rdin VoorheesAN0186Benthic MacroinvertebratesNJDEP AMNET5Cooper River N Br at River Dr inCherry HillAN0188Benthic MacroinvertebratesNJDEP AMNET5Cooper River N Br at SpringdaleRd in Cherry HillAN0187Benthic MacroinvertebratesNJDEP AMNET1Cooper River Park-18Cooper River ParkMercuryNJDEP Fish Tissue Monitoring5Cooper River S Br at EveshamRd in Cherry HillAN0190Benthic MacroinvertebratesNJDEP AMNET5Cooper River S Br at GibbsboroRd in GibbsboroAN0189Benthic MacroinvertebratesNJDEP AMNET3Cooper River S Br at Rt 41 inCherry HillAN0191Benthic MacroinvertebratesNJDEP AMNET5Cooper River, spillway belowEvans PondCooper River, spillwaybelow Evans PondPCBs, DioxinNJDEP Fish Tissue Monitoring3Cooper River-Main stem aboveEvans LakeCooper River-Main stemabove Evans LakePCBs, DioxinNJDEP Clean Lakes, NJDEPFish Tissue Monitoring

What is HSPFHSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program –Fortran) simulates for extended periods of timethe hydrologic, water quality, and associatedprocesses on pervious and imperious landsurface and in streams and well-mixedimpoundment.• Have the root in the Stanford Watershed Model(Crawford and Linsley, 1966).• Its development has been continuouslysupported by EPA and USGS.• Its current version HSPF V.12 (WinHSPF) isincorporated into EPA’s BASINS.

Components Of Water Quality Problems And Pollution

Constituents Sources in HSPF• Initial storages• Nonpoint loadings• Point loadings• Atmospheric deposition• Chemical transformations• Releases from the channel bottom• Atmospheric gas invasion

Land SegmentsLand surface is viewed as three type ofsegments. A segment is a portion of landassumed to have uniform properties.• Pervious land segment (PERLND) withsnow, surface, upper, lower and groundwater zones, which allow infiltration• Imperious land segment (IMPLND) withlittle or no infiltration such as urban areas• Reaches (RCHRES) such as river,stream, mixed lakes/reservoirs

PERLNDSimulate a perviousland segmentATEMPCorrect airtemperatureSEDMNTSimulate sedimentMSTLAYEstimate solutetransportAGCHEMSNOWSimulate snowand icePSTEMPEstimate soiltemperature(s)PESTSimulate pesticidesPWATERSimulate waterbudgetPWTGASEstimate watertemperature andgas concentrationsPQUALSimulate generalquality constituentsNITRSimulate nitrogenPHOSSimulatephosphorusPERLND Structure ChartTRACERSimulate aconservativetracer

IMPLND Structure ChartIMPLNDPerformcomputationson asegment ofimperviouslandATEMP SNOW IWATER SOLIDS IWTGAS IQUAL(seemodulePERLND)(seemodulePERLND)SimulatewaterbudgetforimperviouslandsegmentAccumulateand removesolidsSimulatewatertemperaturesanddissolvedgas concs.Simulatequalityconstituentsusing simplerelationshipswith solidsand/or wateryield

RCHRES Structure ChartRCHRESSimulate a reachor mixed reservoirHYDRSimulate hydraulicbehaviorADCALCEstimate advectivebehavior ofconstituentsCONSSimulateconservativeconstituentsHTRCHSimulate heatexchange andwater temperatureSEDTRNSimulate inorganicsedimentGQUALSimulate generalizedquality constituentsRQUALSimulate constituentsinvolved in biochemicaltransformations

HSPF SYSTEM INTERACTIONSMeasured time series:- meteorology- hydrology- point sourcesGIS coverages:- land use/cover- watersheds- topography- hydrography- soilsWDMUtilHSPFGISflat fileWDM fileUCI fileANNIE

Meteorological Time Series Data For HSPFPERLND/IMPLNDRCHRESPrecipitationTemp.SnowWaterSedimentSoil Temp.Ag. Chem. *Water[1]HeatGen. Qual.DOPlankton[1][2]RequiredOptionalFor PWATERFor PSTEMPPot. ETAir TemperatureWind SpeedSolar RadiationDewpoint Temp.[1][1][2][3] [5][3][4][5]If volatilizationfrom lakeis simulatedIf photolysisis simulatedIf RCHRESis a lakeCloud Cover[4]

Watershed Data Management (WDM) FileA WDM file is a binary, direct access file thatstores watershed characteristic data and timeseries data, such as channel function table (Ftable), water quality and climate dataWDMDSN 1DSN 2…...DSN ipropertiesrecordsFile Data sets Detailed data

User Control Input (UCI) File• An UCI file is a text file with a specificformat that contains model parameters andfunction flags that control HSPF modelingprocesses• Parameters and function flags areorganized into different function blockssuch as “RUN” ended with “END RUN”• Complicity of an UCI file depends on theHSPF model functions that would be used

UCIBlocksRun Specification Blocks:GLOBALFILESOPN SEQUENCEOperation Module Blocks:PERLNDIMPLNDRCHRESCOPYetc.Time Series Linkage Blocks:Other:EXT SOURCESNETWORKSCHEMATICMASS-LINKEXT TARGETSFTABLESSPEC-ACTIONSCATEGORYMONTH-DATAPATHNAMES

Applying HSPF Using BASINS 4.0MapWindowBASINS 4.0HSPFWinHSPF 12.0HSPFParmGenSCNWDMUtilHSPFEXPPEST

Applying HSPF Using ArcHydro2HSPF• Developed by Nathan Johnson atUniversity of Texas at Austin• Uses the Geodatabase and ModelBuilderto process GIS data and to build theHSPF model• Two tool boxs:• “crwrHSPFTools” contains customGeoprocessing tools to aid in HSPF modeldevelopment; and• “crwrArcHydro2HSPFModels” containsModelBuilder models which linkGeoprocessing tools together.

Time Series DataThe following hourly or daily data aregenerally needed• Inputs: air temperature, precipitation,potential evapotranspiration, wind speed,solar radiation, dewpoint temperature, cloudcover• For calibration: stream flow, sediment,nutrients and pesticide concentration instream

Weather StationsThere are 2 weather station data directlyavailable from EPA BASINS:• Philadelphia• India MillThere might be some weather station datamaintained by South Jersey RC&D that canbe used in the modeling.

Redefine the Land UsesThere are 6 types of land uses and 56 subcategories of land uses.Classify them into different types ofPERLND and IMPLND land segmentstaking into consideration of• Soils• Weather• Intensity of land uses• Spatial variations

HSPF Parameter EvaluationThere are two types of parameters• Physical parameters derived from land use,soil, topography, and stream information• Calibration parametersPossible sources for parameter evaluation• ARM, NPS, and HSPF User’s manuals• Applications in related areas suchHSPFParm• Model calibration process

Model Calibration• Calibration is an interactive procedure ofparameter evaluation and refinement bycomparing simulated and observed values ofinterest• Calibration is the most critical process toHSPF application• Land surface calibration related to PERLNDand IMPLND segments• Instream Calibration related to RCHRESsegments

BMP Scenarios• Stormwater recharge through rain gardens,dry wells and bio-detention basins.• Buffers• Street clearing• Various land use/management activitiesMore info …• http://www.epa.gov/athens/research/modeling/ftable/index.htm

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