Part 6: Detection and Prevention of Foot Problems in Type 2 Diabetes

Evidence Table: Section 10AuthorFoot wear and effect on ulceration and amputationLevel of EvidenceLevel Study TypeEvidenceQualityRatingMagnitudeRatingRelevanceRatingArmstrong DG (2001)(Adults – US)II RCT High High U+ HighBusch K (2003)(Adults – Germany)III-2 Cohort High High U+ HighCaravaggi C (2000)(Adults – Italy)II RCT High High U+ HighChantelau E (1994)(Adults – Germany)III-2 Cohort Low High F + HighColagiuri S (1995)(Adults – Australia)II RCT High High C+ HighEdmonds ME (1986)(Adults – UK)III-2 Cohort Low High A+ U+ HighHa Van G (2003)(Adults – France)III-2 Cohort High High F + HighKastenbauer T (1998)(Adults – Austria)III-2 Case-control High High P+ HighLavery LA (1997)(Adults – US)III-2 Case-control High High P+ HighLitzelman DK (1997b)(Adults – US, African III-2 Cohort Low Low LowAmerican)Lobmann R (2001)(Adults – Germany)III-2 Cohort High High P+ HighMason J (1999) I Systematic review High High U+ HighMcCabe CJ (1998)(Adults – UK)II RCT High High U+, A+ HighPerry JE (1995)(Adults – US)III-2 Case-control Medium High P+ HighPraet SFE (2003)(Adults – TheIII-2 Cross-sectional Medium High + HighNetherlands)Raspovic A (2000)(Adults – Australia)III-2 Cross-sectional Medium High P+ HighReiber GE (2002a)(Adults- US)II RCT High Low HighSarnow MR (1994)(Adults – US)III-2 Case-control High High P+ HighSoulier SM (1987)(Adults – US)III-2 Cohort Medium High C+ HighUccioli L (1995)(Adults – Italy)II RCT High High U + HighVeves A (1990)(Adults – UK)III-2 Cohort Medium High P+ HighFor magnitude rating:+indicates that appropriate footwear may reduce the risk of ulceration and amputation; High = clinically important & statisticallysignificant; Medium = small clinical importance & statistically significant; Low = no statistically significant effect.Criteria for Quality and Relevance ratings are detailed in Appendix 9.P= plantar foot pressure; C= callus formation; F= foot lesions; U= ulcer; A= amputations.82