Payne C. Regional variations <strong>of</strong> diabetic foot complications <strong>and</strong> podiatric services. AJPM 1999;33: 51-4Payne CB, Scott RS, Moir C. Trigger events for acute admission to hospital for diabetic foot disease.Australas J Podiatr Med 1998;32:57-64.Pecoraro RE, Reiber GE. Classification <strong>of</strong> wounds <strong>in</strong> diabetic amputees. Wounds 1990;2:65-73.Pellizzer G, Strazzabosco M, Presi S, Furlan F, Lora L, Benedetti P, Bonato G, Erle G, de Lalla F.Deep tissue biopsy vs. superficial swab culture monitor<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the microbiological assessment <strong>of</strong> limbthreaten<strong>in</strong>gdiabetic foot <strong>in</strong>fection. Diabet Med 2001;18:822-7.Perk<strong>in</strong>s BA, Greene DA, Bril V. Glycaemic control is related to the morphological severity <strong>of</strong> diabeticsensorimotor polyneuropathy. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care 2001;24:748-52.Perk<strong>in</strong>s BA, Olaleye D, Z<strong>in</strong>man B, Bril V. Simple screen<strong>in</strong>g tests for peripheral neuropathy <strong>in</strong> thediabetes cl<strong>in</strong>ic. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care 2001;24:250-6.Peters EJG, Childs MR, Wunderlich RP, Harkless LB, Armstrong DG, Lavery LA. Fundtional status <strong>of</strong>persons with diabetes-related lower-extremity amputations. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care 2001;24:1799-804.Pieber TR, Holler A, Siebenh<strong>of</strong>er A, Brunner GA, Semlitsch B, Schattenberg S, Zapotoczky H, Ra<strong>in</strong>erW, Krejs GJ. Evaluation <strong>of</strong> a structured teach<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> treatment programme for <strong>Type</strong> 2 diabetes <strong>in</strong>general practice <strong>in</strong> a rural area <strong>of</strong> Austria. Diabet Med 1995;12:349-54.P<strong>in</strong>zur MS, Kerman-Schroeder D, Emanuele NV, Emanuel M. Development <strong>of</strong> a nurse-provided healthsystem strategy for diabetic foot care. <strong>Foot</strong> & Ankle Int 2001;22:744-6.Pirart J. <strong>Diabetes</strong> mellitus <strong>and</strong> its degenerative complications: a prospective study <strong>of</strong> 4,400 patientsobserved between 1947 <strong>and</strong> 1973. Diabete Metab 1977;3:97-107.Pirart J. Why don’t we teach <strong>and</strong> treat diabetic patients better? <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care 1978;1:139-40.Rafferty P, Rodrigues E, Fraser DM. Aetiological factors <strong>in</strong> diabetic foot ulceration. Br J Cl<strong>in</strong> Pract1986;40:11-4.Reiber GE. Diabetic foot care. F<strong>in</strong>ancial implications <strong>and</strong> practice guidel<strong>in</strong>es. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care1992;15(Suppl 1):29-31.Reiber GE. Who is at risk <strong>of</strong> limb loss <strong>and</strong> what to do about it. J Rehabil Res Dev 1994;31:357-62.Reiber GE. The epidemiology <strong>of</strong> diabetic foot problems. Diabet Med 1996;13 (Suppl 1):S6-11.Renwick PA. The diabetic foot. J Bri Podiatr Med 1989;11:260-4.Rich J, Veves A. Forefoot <strong>and</strong> rearfoot plantar pressures <strong>in</strong> diabetic patients: correlation to footulceration. Wounds 2000;12:82-7.Richbourg MJ. Prevent<strong>in</strong>g amputations <strong>in</strong> patients with end stage renal disease: whatever happened t<strong>of</strong>oot care? Anna J 1998;25:13-20.Rijken PM, Dekker J, Lankhorst GJ, Dekker E, Bakker K, Dooren J, Rauwerda JA. Podiatric care fordiabetic patients with foot problems: an observational study. Int J Rehabil Res 1999;22:181-8Rith-Najarian S, Branchaud C, Beaulieu O, Gohdes D, Simonson G, Mazze R. Reduc<strong>in</strong>g lowerextremityamputations due to diabetes. Application <strong>of</strong> the staged diabetes management approach <strong>in</strong> aprimary care sett<strong>in</strong>g. J Fam Pract 1998;47:127-32.122
Rose NE, Feiwell LA, Cracchiolo A 3rd. A method for measur<strong>in</strong>g foot pressures us<strong>in</strong>g a highresolution, computerised <strong>in</strong>sole sensor: the effect <strong>of</strong> heel wedges on plantar pressure distribution <strong>and</strong>centre <strong>of</strong> force. <strong>Foot</strong> & Ankle 1992;13:263-70.Sakurai T, Matsushita M, Nishikimi N, Nimura Y. Effect <strong>of</strong> walk<strong>in</strong>g distance on the change <strong>in</strong> anklebrachialpressure <strong>in</strong>dex <strong>in</strong> patients with <strong>in</strong>termittent claudication. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg1997;13:486-90.Schaff PS, Cavanagh PR. Shoes for the <strong>in</strong>sensitive foot: the effect <strong>of</strong> a "rocker bottom" shoemodification on plantar pressure distribution. <strong>Foot</strong> Ankle 1990;11:129-40.Sedgwick JE, Pearce AJ, Gulliford MC. Evaluation <strong>of</strong> equity <strong>in</strong> diabetes health care <strong>in</strong> relation toAfrican <strong>and</strong> Caribbean ethnicity. Ethn Health 2003;8:121-33.Shaw JE, van Schie CHM, Carr<strong>in</strong>gton AL, Abbott CA, Boulton AJM. An analysis <strong>of</strong> dynamic forcestransmitted through the foot <strong>in</strong> diabetic neuropathy. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care 1998;21:1955-9.Shenaq SM, Klebuc MJA, Vargo D. How to help diabetic patients avoid amputation. <strong>Prevention</strong> <strong>and</strong>management <strong>of</strong> foot ulcers. Postgrad Med 1994;96: 177-80, 183-6, 191-2.Slovenkai MP. <strong>Foot</strong> problems <strong>in</strong> diabetes. Med Cl<strong>in</strong>ics North Am 1998;82:949-71.Smieja M, Hunt DL, Edelman D, Etchells E, Cornuz J, Simel DL. International Cooperative Group forCl<strong>in</strong>ical Exam<strong>in</strong>ation Research. Cl<strong>in</strong>ical exam<strong>in</strong>ation for the detection <strong>of</strong> protective sensation <strong>in</strong> thefeet <strong>of</strong> diabetic patients. J Gen Intern Med 1999;14:418-24.Sorensen L, Molyneaux L, Yue DK. Insensate versus pa<strong>in</strong>ful diabetic neuropathy: the effects <strong>of</strong> height,gender, ethnicity <strong>and</strong> glycaemic control. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Res Cl<strong>in</strong> Pract 2002;57:45-51.Sosenko JM, Sparl<strong>in</strong>g YH, Hu D, Welty T, Howard BV, Lee E, Robb<strong>in</strong>s DC. Use <strong>of</strong> the Semmes-We<strong>in</strong>ste<strong>in</strong> mon<strong>of</strong>ilament <strong>in</strong> the strong heart study. Risk factors for cl<strong>in</strong>ical neuropathy. <strong>Diabetes</strong> Care1999;22:1715-21.Soulier, SM. The use <strong>of</strong> runn<strong>in</strong>g shoes <strong>in</strong> the prevention <strong>of</strong> plantar diabetic ulcers. J Am Podiatr MedAssoc 1986;76:395-400.Spencer S. Pressure reliev<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>terventions for prevent<strong>in</strong>g <strong>and</strong> treat<strong>in</strong>g diabetic foot ulcers. In: TheCochrane Library, Issue 4, 2003. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Sriussadaporn S, Mekan<strong>and</strong>ha P, Vannasaeng S, Nitiyanant W, Komoltri C, Ploybutr S, Yamwong P,Peerapatdit T, Vichayanrat A. Factors associated with diabetic foot ulceration <strong>in</strong> Thail<strong>and</strong>: a casecontrolstudy. Diabet Med 1997;14:50-6.Stacpoole-Shea S, Shea G, Lavery L. An exam<strong>in</strong>ation <strong>of</strong> plantar pressure measurements to identify thelocation <strong>of</strong> diabetic forefoot ulceration. J <strong>Foot</strong> Ankle Surg 1999;38:109-15.Stebb<strong>in</strong>gs WSL, Wood RFM. Amputations <strong>in</strong> diabetics. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 1991;73:170-5.Stephens GL. Palpable dorsalis pedis <strong>and</strong> posterior tibial pulses. Incidence <strong>in</strong> young men. Arch Surg1962;84:662-4.Stess RM, Jensen SR, Mirmiran R. The role <strong>of</strong> dynamic plantar pressures <strong>in</strong> diabetic foot ulcers.<strong>Diabetes</strong> Care 1997;20:855-8.Testa MA, Simonson DC. Health economic benefits <strong>and</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> life dur<strong>in</strong>g improved glycemiccontrol <strong>in</strong> patients with <strong>Type</strong> 2 diabetes mellitus: a r<strong>and</strong>omized, controlled, double-bl<strong>in</strong>d trial. JAMA1998;280:1490-6.Thomas PK. Diabetic peripheral neuropathies: their cost to patient <strong>and</strong> society <strong>and</strong> the value <strong>of</strong>knowledge <strong>of</strong> risk factors for development <strong>of</strong> <strong>in</strong>terventions. Eur Neurol 1999;41(Suppl 1):35-43.123
- Page 1:
National Evidence Based Guidelinesf
- Page 4:
Research OfficersMs Linda SmithPodi
- Page 7 and 8:
2.2 Issues for Foot Problems in Typ
- Page 9:
• Aim to achieve the best possibl
- Page 12 and 13:
Background - Peripheral Neuropathy
- Page 14 and 15:
proportion of subjects with a durat
- Page 16 and 17:
and an OR 1.1-7.8. This study also
- Page 18 and 19:
Summary - Peripheral Neuropathy as
- Page 20 and 21:
Section 2: Diabetes Foot ProblemsIs
- Page 22 and 23:
predicting risk of amputation, 2.9
- Page 24 and 25:
Summary - Peripheral Vascular Disea
- Page 26 and 27:
Section 3: Diabetes Foot ProblemsIs
- Page 28 and 29:
Evidence - Foot Deformity and Previ
- Page 30 and 31:
people with both LJM and neuropathy
- Page 32 and 33:
Summary - Foot Deformity and Previo
- Page 34 and 35:
Section 4: Diabetes Foot ProblemsIs
- Page 36 and 37:
Also in the Seattle study, 67 peopl
- Page 38 and 39:
Summary - Ulcer as a Risk Factor fo
- Page 40 and 41:
Section 5: Diabetes Foot ProblemsIs
- Page 42 and 43:
The other frequently reported metho
- Page 44 and 45:
side; and 82% having the same resul
- Page 46 and 47:
Evidence Table: Section 5Detection
- Page 48 and 49:
Background - Clinical Detection of
- Page 50 and 51:
pulse was bilaterally absent in 1.8
- Page 52 and 53:
Evidence Table: Section 6AuthorClin
- Page 54 and 55:
Background - Frequency of Foot Exam
- Page 56 and 57:
Summary - Frequency of Foot Examina
- Page 58 and 59:
Section 8: Diabetes Foot ProblemsIs
- Page 60 and 61:
Behaviour assessment scores, measur
- Page 62 and 63:
Mazzuca et al (1986) studies 532 pe
- Page 64 and 65:
with before the programme, after 1-
- Page 66 and 67:
Evidence Table: Section 8AuthorEffe
- Page 68 and 69:
Background - Glycaemic Control and
- Page 70 and 71:
In a previous Japanese randomised s
- Page 72 and 73: Evidence Table: Section 9AuthorGlyc
- Page 74 and 75: Background - Footwear to Reduce Ulc
- Page 76 and 77: period. In addition people without
- Page 78 and 79: Comparisons of in-shoe foot pressur
- Page 80 and 81: The rate of plantar callus formatio
- Page 82 and 83: Evidence Table: Section 10AuthorFoo
- Page 84 and 85: Background - Foot Clinics and Multi
- Page 86 and 87: A prospective non randomised contro
- Page 88 and 89: Summary - Foot Clinics and Multi-di
- Page 90 and 91: Section 12: Diabetes Foot ProblemsI
- Page 92 and 93: and/or osteomyelitis; III - fore-fo
- Page 94 and 95: Summary - Economic consequences•
- Page 96 and 97: Section 13: Diabetes Foot ProblemsI
- Page 98 and 99: Some ethnic groups are associated w
- Page 100 and 101: Evidence Table: Section 13AuthorSoc
- Page 102 and 103: Calle-Pascual AL, Duran A, Diaz A,
- Page 104 and 105: Jannink MJ, van Dijk H, de Vries J,
- Page 106 and 107: Moss SE, Klein R, Klein BE. The 14-
- Page 108 and 109: Soulier SM, Godsey C, Asay ED, Perr
- Page 110 and 111: Diabetes Foot Problems: General Ref
- Page 112 and 113: McNeely MJ, Boyko EJ, Ahroni JH, St
- Page 114 and 115: Diabetes Foot Problems: Other Refer
- Page 116 and 117: Caputo GM, Cavanagh PR, Ulbrecht JS
- Page 118 and 119: Garbalosa JC, Cavanagh PR, Wu G, Ul
- Page 120 and 121: Lavery LA, Armstrong DG, Wunderlich
- Page 124 and 125: Tovi J, Svanborg E, Nilsson BY, Eng
- Page 126 and 127: Criteria used to determine the suit
- Page 128 and 129: QUESTIONS KEY WORDS NO.ARTICLESIDEN
- Page 130 and 131: QUESTIONS KEY WORDS NO.ARTICLESIDEN
- Page 132 and 133: QUESTIONS KEY WORDS NO.ARTICLESIDEN
- Page 134 and 135: QUESTIONS KEY WORDS NO.ARTICLESIDEN
- Page 136 and 137: QUESTIONS KEY WORDS NO.ARTICLESIDEN
- Page 138 and 139: QUESTIONS KEY WORDS NO.ARTICLESIDEN