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452Pegg, Carolle 235-6pentatonic scale 35-6, 38, 42, 50, 66, 101, 114, 117-8, 150, 158, 161, 181, 195-7, 199,211, 228-9, 236, 277, 296perestroika 11, 186, 205, 248Peretz, Isabelle 316Perfect pitchAmong babies 323, 325, 345; adults 345; professional musicians 325; amonganimals 325; decline of 376-77;Performers (see listeners and performers)Persian Gulf 143, 145, 166, 254Peyote 169Pike, Kenneth 357Pinker, Steven 301, 314, 321, 323-26, 342Pirin 107, 209, 221Plurivocality 24Pokrovsky, Dmitri 51, 387Poland 19, 52, 72, 131, 215, 366podgolosochnaia polifonia 50, 54, 64, 70, 74, 227Palessie 72-74, 221Polesie 26, 72, 74, 233, 388-89, 391Polissia 68-70, 72, 74polyphony: origins of 16, 294-98, 302-10, 329-30; as a very archaic phenomenon 12,293-98; enigmatic distribution 11, 22-23; historical dynamics 200-209, 378-380;classification 23-30; in ancient civilizations 12, 361-72; in rock music 277-88;gender factor in 103-104; prevalence of stuttering and dyslexia in differentregions and 358-374; correlation with physical anthropological data 16, 187-89;social and musical factors in 14; review of comparative studies and ideas 181-84;organizations and conferences dedicated to the study of 13, 386-396; (see alsodrone, overtone singing, parallelism, canon, regions and countries from the part 1,and separate ‘case studies’ from the part 2)‘Polifinies Vivantes’ 13, 391-92polyrhythmic; 28, 32, 39, 392polytonality: in prof. music 120, 234, 241-43, 250, 278; in trad. music 120, 233, 243,278Premack, Ann and David 315, 334-336Presley, Elvis 288, 327Pressl, Herman 152Protestant Revolution 208protolanguage 15, 339, 343-45, 379protoquestion 340Pshavi 78, 82Pygmies 37-39, 46, 309, 364, 371Q’ero 169-70, 172, 276Qia, Shen 159-160Qiang 159