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448Kubik, Gerhard 30, 33-39, 182, 183,Kumiks 61-61Kunst, Jaap 175, 182, 395Kuril Islands 155, 157, 166, 248-49Kuti, Fella Anikulapo 43Kutireva, Galina 19, 72-74, 150, 388Kwakiutl 168, 363, 372Kvitka, Kliment 68, 262Kyrgyz, Zoya 237, 387Laade, Wolfgang 19, 135-37, 202Laberi 114-16, 225, 243, 245-47, 253lakalaka 173-74Laks 61Lahu 159Languageand speech 317-319; and intelligence 12, 15, 327-29, 331-33; role of singing indevelopment of 14, 17 (see also: language of drums; whistle, tone languages)laulalo 174Latvia 4, 19, 26, 118, 119, 121-125, 201, 225, 231, 233, 245-47, 290, 387-90,Launeddas 141, 387Lennon, John 277, 279-80, 283, 287Levin, Ted 19, 236Levman, Bryan 314Lewis, David 273Libya 45Lincoln, Michelle 19, 365Liedertafell 133Lineva, Evgeniya 50, 68Linich, Carl 18,Listeners ( and performers) 10, 15, 36, 80; behavioral stereotypes 10, 12; classical musicmodel 10, 278, 281; jazz model 10; rock music model 10, 289; traditionalpolyphonic model (no listeners in a society) 12, 14, 31, 139, 294, 376;Lisu 159Lithuania 4, 6, 12, 19, 27, 118-123, 156-7, 184, 195, 201-2, 225, 229-30, 232-34, 240-45, 247, 250, 278, 290, 378, 387, 389-90, 394Livingstone, Frank 301, 312Lloyd, Albert 96, 209Lomax, Alan 30, 37, 103, 158, 169, 172-3, 179, 182, 274Lombardy 139, 201Lomidze, Nona 19‘Love me do’ 279-280Maasai 36, 357Macedonia 3, 105, 108, 113-114, 117, 188-89, 202, 209, 215, 221, 225, 240, 386McCartney,Paul 277, 279-80, 283-85, 288