who asked the first question? - International Research Center For ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

442Chiurlionyte, Jadviga 230China 12, 143-44, 158-61, 163, 176, 237-49, 252, 256, 259, 274, 290, 353, 355, 360,364-69, 371-73, 392; polyphony among Chinese minorities 158-62Chkhikvadze, Grigol 18, 67, 82, 198, 387Chokhonelidze, Evsevi 101, 387, 390, 392-93,Chomsky, Noam 324, 326-27, 340-41chordal polyphony 25, 29chords 29, 53, 61, 63, 69, 73, 77, 86-87, 129, 132, 136, 142, 146, 148, 151-53, 161, 173,175, 186, 194, 199, 218, 223-25, 233, 247, 265, 269, 282-84, 285-86, 289, 299,316, 388,Christened Tatars 65-66, 388Christensen, Dieter 14, 19, 393-96Christianity 42, 119, 130, 207, 378Christian hymns 35-36, 173, 204Chuvash 49, 62, 65-66Circasianscognitive revolutionCollaer, Paulcommunicationamong animals; among humans; without speech; between parents and childrenCondillac 315Congo, Democratic republic of 37contour tones (in tone languages) 357contrapuntal polyphony 24-25, 27-28, 82-83, 176, 217, 234conversation: among humans 327, 330, with children 300, with animals 15, 335-38,whistle 319Cooper, Eugene B. 19, 363-64Corbett, Jim 301, 308Corfu Island 118, 146-147Corsica 135-37, 185-86, 202, 221, 223-225, 253-54, 378, 392, 395Cossacks 51, 71Craig, Ashley19, 365Croatia 111-12, 139, 188-89, 215, 373, 395-96Crooks, Mary 20Cusco 169, 172Cushitic-speaking peoples 36Czech 110, 132, 181Czekanowska, Anna 19, 111Dadunashvili, Elguja 18, 395Dagestan 49, 55, 60-62, 180Dai 159Dan 42d’Arezzo, Guido 34, 140Dargins 61
443Dancing 10, 31-32, 36, 38, 40-43, 135, 149, 152, 156, 199-200, 203, 261, 282, 295-98,307, 311, 325, 350Darwin, Charles20, 200-201, 311-12, 327, 365, 381, 384Demirkhanian, A. 313Denmark 128, 130Densmore, Frances 167-169dialogue 329-30in speech 329-30; in music 329, 388; whistle 319; (see also conversation)diatonic scales 42, 58, 80, 101-02, 109, 112, 127, 133, 174, 182, 195-99, 211, 218, 265,388Digun, Tatiana 51, 391Dinaric Alps 111, 188-89, 215Dissonances 53, 61, 69, 86, 92-93, 108, 114, 116, 118-9, 123, 129, 132, 140, 146, 148,152, 157, 162, 201, 208, 211, 218, 224-25, 230-34, 242-46, 250, 271, 275-76,286, 289-90Dishkant 51Djeguako 57Djurdjura Mountains 45Doijashvili, Manana 18, 392, 393Dong 159, 160Dolidze, Dali 393Dolidze, Lia 18Double blown instruments (see blown instrumentsdrone 8-9, 12, 24-30, 104, 179, 181-84, 190-92, 199, 118-19, 201, 208, 210, 212, 218,222, 295-96, 383, 387, 388-90, 394-96pedal 24, 26-27, 79, 82, 84, 95, 220-21; rhythmic 24, 26-27, 89, 84, 87, 93, 103;moveable 26, 190, 192; in Europe 26, 51-52, 54-55, 57-58, 60-64, 66, 68,-70,72-74, 77-80, 82-84, 87, 105, 107-10, 112-19, 124-26, 129, 132, 134, 138, 140-42, 145-48, 150, 12, 154, 157, 160-63,166-70, 222, 224-25, 227-28, 232-35, 238,240-47, 249-50, 252-3, 262, 267-68, 290; in Africa 42, 45-47, 266, 290; inPolynesia 172-74; in Melanesia 175; among Native Americans 167-70, 172,258-59, 270-71, 275-76; in Australia 176; instrumental 8, 176, 183, 270; in rockmusic 287-89;‘Drive my car’ 286drumming 32, 40-41, 134, 153, 169, 280, 197, 305, 308-9, 313, 317Dunbar, Robin 308, 310, 314Dylan, Bob 289dyslexia 12, 17, 352, 373, 380, 383, 384; genetic nature of 373; prevalence studies 373-74, 384; among Japanese 373; among Chinese 373; among Europeans 373-74; inUSA 373; in sub-Saharan Africa 374; and writing systems 373;East Africa 36-39, 146,East Asia 11, 16, 18, 20, 44, 47, 155, 158, 176, 182, 228-29, 237, 248-51, 258-60, 272-75, 290-91, 293-4, 298, 348-50, 352-3, 356-7, 361, 367, 369, 371-74, 376, 378,380, 382-84, 386Efremov, Evgeni69, 227, 394
Page 3 and 4:
ContentsForeword and acknowledgemen
Page 5:
South Asia: India (Assam; Southern
Page 9:
more enjoying the traditional ‘Ho
Page 12 and 13:
12the rest of the country does not
Page 14 and 15:
141989:Let me briefly introduce som
Page 16 and 17:
‣ During the last 20 years of my
Page 18 and 19:
18Saharan African populations, than
Page 20 and 21:
and of course, Sheree Reece from th
Page 22 and 23:
22Part 1.World stylesof traditional
Page 24 and 25:
used term, although not universally
Page 26 and 27:
30 January, 1986). Hugh Shields gav
Page 28 and 29:
western Georgian polyphonic “trio
Page 30 and 31:
30contains more than one compositio
Page 32 and 33:
32rhythmic component in African mus
Page 34 and 35:
Gerhard Kubik, if you want to count
Page 36 and 37:
36missionaries was very much aided
Page 38 and 39:
as witness recordings by barely a d
Page 40 and 41:
40England provides an incredibly in
Page 42 and 43:
of West Africa is a well-known and
Page 44 and 45:
44African populations played a cruc
Page 46 and 47:
46unusual element of Tuareg culture
Page 48 and 49:
48heterophony). European profession
Page 50 and 51:
50famously declared that to verify
Page 52 and 53:
Out of these five main types of Rus
Page 54 and 55:
54heterophonic and octave forms of
Page 56 and 57:
56Ex. 3. Abkhazia. (Akhobadze, Kort
Page 58 and 59:
58Balkarians and KarachaevisThese t
Page 60 and 61:
60Ossetian polyphony is based on th
Page 62 and 63:
62Garakanidze, who conducted a shor
Page 64 and 65:
64in the southern part of the settl
Page 66 and 67:
66Almeeva noted the presence of the
Page 68 and 69:
68UkraineRegarding polyphonic singi
Page 70 and 71:
70200), the difference between dron
Page 72 and 73:
72BelarusBelarus is a part of the
Page 74 and 75:
74Besides the drone and heterophoni
Page 76 and 77:
76of the feast traditions and long
Page 78 and 79:
78East GeorgiaEast Georgia consists
Page 80 and 81:
80Fig. 3. Modulation from G to G# t
Page 82 and 83:
82Polyphonic singing traditions in
Page 84 and 85:
84In this four-part section we can
Page 86 and 87:
86Improvisation in western Georgian
Page 88 and 89:
88During our 1999 fieldwork in Geor
Page 90 and 91:
90Interestingly, as Anzor Erkomaish
Page 92 and 93:
92Different western Georgian dialec
Page 95 and 96:
95Ex. 37. Lile. Ritual song dedicat
Page 97 and 98:
97David Shugliashvili, both eastern
Page 99 and 100:
99Urban MusicThe urban singing styl
Page 101 and 102:
101Ex. 42. Suliko. Urban love song.
Page 103 and 104:
103In Georgian traditional polyphon
Page 105 and 106:
105BalkansThe Balkans are one of th
Page 107 and 108:
107the tradition of polyphonic sing
Page 109 and 110:
109It represents an interesting mix
Page 111 and 112:
111Ex. 54. Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Page 113 and 114:
113MacedoniaSpeaking about Macedoni
Page 115 and 116:
115Ex. 59. Albania. Laberi style po
Page 117 and 118:
117of fact, together with Romania,
Page 119 and 120:
119countries of the Baltic region a
Page 121 and 122:
121research about sutartines (Slavi
Page 123 and 124:
123LatviaAnother Baltic country, La
Page 125 and 126:
125Ex. 68. Estonia. Setu polyphony
Page 127 and 128:
127Tbilisi State Conservatory in th
Page 129 and 130:
129contracted this peculiarity of s
Page 131 and 132:
131throughout medieval northern Eur
Page 133 and 134:
133electronic media; and whether th
Page 135 and 136:
135To complete the review of the Ce
Page 137 and 138:
137(9) The singing style is harsh a
Page 139 and 140:
139ItalyWith its internationally re
Page 141 and 142:
141than 120 Sicilianvillages and it
Page 143 and 144:
143Vocal Polyphony in AsiaAsia is b
Page 145 and 146:
145music of Ancient Greece itself i
Page 147 and 148:
147possible space of a second.” T
Page 149 and 150:
149sources from the 5 th (Favstos B
Page 151 and 152:
151polyphonic singing came from Taj
Page 153 and 154:
153(asamchilog, choir). 6/8 metre i
Page 155 and 156:
155or less in unison, and one voice
Page 157 and 158:
157Lithuanian sutartines, where you
Page 159 and 160:
159idea of how rich (and how unknow
Page 161 and 162:
161Ex. 90. China, Tibet (Bucher, 19
Page 163 and 164:
163South-East AsiaVietnamAccording
Page 165 and 166:
165Not all the traditions and music
Page 167 and 168:
Vocal Polyphony in North AmericaThe
Page 169 and 170:
169west of the region (Densmore, 19
Page 171 and 172:
171the Indian melodies continue wit
Page 173 and 174:
173(Burney 1975:84. Cited from Kaep
Page 175 and 176:
175Easter Island] and the westernmo
Page 177 and 178:
177of Northwest American Indians an
Page 179 and 180:
179Of course, to say that the pre-W
Page 181 and 182:
181faraway cultures without contact
Page 183 and 184:
183• Anne Draffkorn Kilmer sugges
Page 185 and 186:
185some extinct civilizations (anci
Page 187 and 188:
187hear assertions that a certain s
Page 189 and 190:
189population of North Greece, moun
Page 191 and 192:
191and possibly about the cultural
Page 193 and 194:
193rules of Polynesian traditional
Page 195 and 196:
1953. Social organization of the si
Page 197 and 198:
197(2) Another inconvenience is tha
Page 199 and 200:
199According to the common belief o
Page 201 and 202:
201level. Darwin made a correct con
Page 203 and 204:
203during the 20 th century sutarti
Page 205 and 206:
205Even in cases of century- and mi
Page 207 and 208:
207With the convincing and well-doc
Page 209 and 210:
209Conclusions for the previous two
Page 211 and 212:
211Indo-European family of language
Page 213 and 214:
213all musicians are Bachs, but all
Page 215 and 216:
215Switzerland, Germany, Austria, I
Page 217 and 218:
217evidence for them. If a proto-Ca
Page 219 and 220:
219West and Central Asia. Solo perf
Page 221 and 222:
221monophonic singing styles. So, w
Page 223 and 224:
223(1) Drone dissonant-based polyph
Page 225 and 226:
225the ancient drone polyphony with
Page 227 and 228:
227major forests, islands, continen
Page 229 and 230:
229the influence of the “oriental
Page 231 and 232:
231• Florian Messner (1980) point
Page 233 and 234:
233(“collective”) sutartines wi
Page 235 and 236:
235Case Study #7Overtone Singing of
Page 237 and 238:
237together wit Valentina Suzukei (
Page 239 and 240:
239(8) As harmonics are a universal
Page 241 and 242:
241(as “collective sutartines”)
Page 243 and 244:
243perspective, can provide more us
Page 245 and 246:
245For a further discussion of this
Page 247 and 248:
247with two other parts, sung by so
Page 249 and 250:
249that there is hardly a single do
Page 251 and 252:
251hairiness, Cavalli-Sforza sites
Page 253 and 254:
253Two possible historical models m
Page 255 and 256:
255where the former pearl diving bo
Page 257 and 258:
257new territories (subject to the
Page 259 and 260:
259minimum? And did the development
Page 261 and 262:
261settlement history, and the most
Page 263 and 264:
263instruments from Mediterranean r
Page 265 and 266:
265music transcription. There are 5
Page 267 and 268:
267• Even the transcription of Ku
Page 269 and 270:
269“Music iconography can reveal
Page 271 and 272:
271specific double flute made from
Page 273 and 274:
273Case Study #14Polynesian Polypho
Page 275 and 276:
275complexity plus precise enunciat
Page 277 and 278:
277Case Study #15The Beatles: Ancie
Page 279 and 280:
279Acknowledging the crucial differ
Page 281 and 282:
281• Performance style. Arguably
Page 283 and 284:
283C-major key, G major chord could
Page 285 and 286:
285Ending of the songs on non-tonic
Page 287 and 288:
287Fig. 16. Medieval West Georgian
Page 289 and 290:
289phenomenon in the history of the
Page 291 and 292:
291North America (according to the
Page 293 and 294:
293Part 3Singing, Questioning, Thin
Page 295 and 296:
295European and Middle Eastern mono
Page 297 and 298:
297This characteristic raises one s
Page 299 and 300:
299is not only a linguistic problem
Page 301 and 302:
301with all their communicative ski
Page 303 and 304:
303cooperative (and not competitive
Page 305 and 306:
305group and groom each other, they
Page 307 and 308:
307hungry lion. And here comes anot
Page 309 and 310:
309“attacking power” of the “
Page 311 and 312:
311Singing in Peaceful Times:Toward
Page 313 and 314:
313he changed his view and linked t
Page 315 and 316:
315Gestural Theory of Language Orig
Page 317 and 318:
317among hominids. The situation of
Page 319 and 320:
319whistle with a whistle. The inte
Page 321 and 322:
321referential function. In contemp
Page 323 and 324:
323mental abilities, but even music
Page 325 and 326:
325articulated elements, where the
Page 327 and 328:
327development experts would unanim
Page 329 and 330:
329years after 1996, if I see a new
Page 331 and 332:
331• Why do we ask questions?This
Page 333 and 334:
333With the emergence of the abilit
Page 335 and 336:
335apes’ and humans’ mental abi
Page 337 and 338:
337The fascinating fact about the T
Page 339 and 340:
339curiosity cannot exist, although
Page 341 and 342:
341• Question intonation is argua
Page 343 and 344:
343A few cases of “wolf children
Page 345 and 346:
345(2) Children under two and pidgi
Page 347 and 348:
347Let’s Talk: Origin of SpeechTh
Page 349 and 350:
349article concluded with the sugge
Page 351 and 352:
351are disposed to accept such a vi
Page 353 and 354:
353articulated speech among the anc
Page 355 and 356:
355speech (possibly in conjunction
Page 357 and 358:
357function, while in the sub-Sahar
Page 359 and 360:
359acquired, it is one of the most
Page 361 and 362:
361millennia. So the historical dyn
Page 363 and 364:
363of stuttering was mostly margina
Page 365 and 366:
365when I reminded her of our conve
Page 367 and 368:
367• A comparison of the stutteri
Page 369 and 370:
369predisposition towards stutterin
Page 371 and 372:
371There are some well-researched p
Page 373 and 374:
373Developmental dyslexiaStuttering
Page 375 and 376:
375mastery or correct usage of soun
Page 377 and 378:
377• As the process of the declin
Page 379 and 380:
379major African ground predators (
Page 381 and 382:
381PostScript:Moral and ethics issu
Page 383 and 384:
383(Jordania, 1989:240), believing
Page 385 and 386:
385without turning these difference
Page 387 and 388:
387Central African Republic, Bangul
Page 389 and 390:
389polyphon y.” 4. Nailia Almeeva
Page 391 and 392: 391aural tradition: Results and the
Page 393 and 394: 3931. Tamar Chkheidze. “Peculiari
Page 395 and 396: 395Krimanchuli (Yodel) in West Geor
Page 397 and 398: 397ReferencesABDUSHELISHVILI, MALKH
Page 399 and 400: 399ASAFIEV, BORIS. 1971. Musical fo
Page 401 and 402: 401BLACKING, JOHN. 1973. How musica
Page 403 and 404: 403BUCHER, KARL. 1923 (1919). Arbei
Page 405 and 406: 405COOKE, PETER. 1998. East Africa:
Page 407 and 408: 407ELSCHEKOVA, ALICA. 1963. “Der
Page 409 and 410: 409GANDOUR, JACK, SORANEE H. PETTY,
Page 411 and 412: 411HALPERN, IDA. 1975. “Music of
Page 413 and 414: 413JELINEK, JAN. 1978. Homo erectus
Page 415 and 416: 415methodologies? Erich Stockmann z
Page 417 and 418: 417---- 1975. Music of Ainu. In Pro
Page 419 and 420: 419KUTER, LOIS. Brittany. In The Ga
Page 421 and 422: 421MACCHIARELLA, IGNAZIO. 2005. The
Page 423 and 424: 423Symposiu m on Traditional Polyph
Page 425 and 426: 425PERETZ, ISABELLE. 2003. Brain sp
Page 427 and 428: 427---- 2003. The geographical dist
Page 429 and 430: 429SALEH, MAGDA. 2002. Dance in Egy
Page 431 and 432: 431SNOWDON, CHARLES T. 1982. “Lin
Page 433 and 434: 433THORNE, ALAN G., and MILFORD H.
Page 435 and 436: 435WEIDENREICH, FRANZ. 1943. The "N
Page 437 and 438: 437Materials of the Voronezh confer
Page 439 and 440: 439Aotearoa (New Zealand) 174Apan,
Page 441: 441Brambats, Karl 183, 231Brandel,
Page 445 and 446: 445Gamkrelidze, Thomas 18, 216, 253
Page 447 and 448: 447Iso 114, 116 (see also drone)Ist
Page 449 and 450: 449McFarlane, Iain 19McNeill, Willi
Page 451 and 452: 451Niger 45Nikoladze, Ketevan 18, 2
Page 453 and 454: 453Qollas 171questions, asking ques
Page 455 and 456: Sotho 40Sorce-Keller, Marcello 139-
Page 457 and 458: 457Tsurtsumia, Rusudan 18, 392-4, 3
Page 459 and 460: Zhoukoudian 353Zhvania, Tina 18, 39
show all

who asked the first question? - International Research Center For ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?