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who asked the first question? - International Research Center For ...

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255where <strong>the</strong> former pearl diving boat crewmembers meet to sing <strong>the</strong>ir traditional songs with<strong>the</strong> cups of tea and coffee. In 1978 <strong>the</strong>re were 14 such “music houses” on Bahrain(Rovsing-Olsen, 2002a:89).There is a certain typological link between <strong>the</strong> vocal polyphony of Tuaregs andBahrain pearl divers. Most importantly <strong>the</strong>y display (1) drone type of polyphony, whereone (or two) soloists sing against <strong>the</strong> group of singers <strong>who</strong> sing <strong>the</strong> drone, and (2) both of<strong>the</strong>m display <strong>the</strong> obvious sings of <strong>the</strong> influence from <strong>the</strong> Middle Eastern monophonicmusic.Following <strong>the</strong> historical tendency of <strong>the</strong> disappearance of vocal polyphonictraditions in many cultures all over <strong>the</strong> world, I do not look seriously at <strong>the</strong> possibility of<strong>the</strong> independent and late “invention”, or evolution of vocal polyphony from <strong>the</strong> localmonophonic traditions on <strong>the</strong> Bahrain. Most likely <strong>the</strong> local drone is <strong>the</strong> survival of <strong>the</strong>ancient practice of this region. In one of <strong>the</strong> later “case studies” we are going to discuss<strong>the</strong> possibility of <strong>the</strong> presence of vocal polyphony among Sumerians. The availableinformation about Sumerian music contains <strong>the</strong> earliest in human history notated piece ofarguably polyphonic (two and three-part) music.There are o<strong>the</strong>r possible survivals of <strong>the</strong> ancient drone polyphony from <strong>the</strong>Middle Eastern region. Summarizing <strong>the</strong> available information on vocal drone in <strong>the</strong>Middle East, Rovsing-Olsen mentions “Egyptian work songs and dance songs”, Suficeremonies from different countries, Bedouin double chorus song called ahalla, “Mawledsinging in Dubai”, and United Arab Emirates where <strong>the</strong> drone sometimes is above <strong>the</strong>leading melody (Rovsing-Olsen, 2002:93).Therefore, following <strong>the</strong> musical characteristics of <strong>the</strong> polyphonic singing ofBahrain, we should unite <strong>the</strong> vocal polyphony of pearl divers with <strong>the</strong> extended “WestEurasian-North African polyphonic family”.Case Study #12“I’ll Follow <strong>the</strong> Sun”:Round-<strong>the</strong>-World travel ticketor <strong>the</strong> vocal polyphony ofNative AmericansI always loved <strong>the</strong> idea of travel to faraway countries, and <strong>the</strong> globe is one of mymost favorite objects from my childhood. This was quite a fruitless passion for a person,born and raised in <strong>the</strong> Communist Soviet Union. My former compatriots would stillremember that any travel outside of <strong>the</strong> Soviet Union was almost a miracle. That’s whyuntil <strong>the</strong> Communist regime started to crumble from <strong>the</strong> second half of <strong>the</strong> 1980s, Itraveled outside of <strong>the</strong> Soviet Union only once – it was a two-week visit in Socialist at<strong>the</strong> time Hungary in August 1977. It was still a miracle and my friends were not tired forlong months asking me to tell <strong>the</strong>m about <strong>the</strong> life “outside of <strong>the</strong> wired fence”, as we

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