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RESILIENCYChapter 16Restoring Mobility after the StormOn a normal day, the subway carries about 80 percent of thepeople crossing the East River into Manhattan. FollowingSandy, however, with subway service across the riverentirely shut down for a number of days, many people triedto commute by car. As a result, gridlock took over manyparts of the city including the East River crossings and majorhighways and through routes. During, this period, averagehighway speeds dropped by as much as 71 percent relativeto speeds on normal weekdays. It quickly became clear thatthe transportation network simply was not designed to handlethe spike in drivers attempting to enter the central businessdistrict south of 60th Street.Bus Bridge replaces “R” train between Brooklyn and Manhattan202Chapter 16: Restoring Mobility after the Storm