Thermal Performance: Part L1A - Masonryfirst.com

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Thermal Performance: Part L1AKey whole life benefitsConcrete and masonry housing provide a wide range of whole life benefits, some of which are highlighted below. More information on whole life performanceissues is available in a variety of Concrete Centre publications, which can be downloaded at www.concretecentre.com/publications.• Locally sourced - The average transportation distance is only 11.5 km for ready-mixed concrete and about 136 km for precast products such as blocks [20].• Responsibly sourced - Recent figures show that 81% of UK concrete production has achieved compliance with BES 6001, which is the standard forresponsible sourcing of construction products published by the Building Research Establishment (BRE) [20].• Use of waste materials - Concrete blocks can contain high levels of recycled materials; often around 80 per cent or more, including aggregates madefrom furnace bottom ash, industrial slag and recycled concrete products. The cement used to make concrete also includes a lot of waste products, witharound 36 per cent comprising cementitious materials such as slag from the steel industry and fly ash from power stations. In addition, approximately23 per cent of the energy used to make cement comes from waste-derived fuels [20]. Overall, the UK concrete industry uses around 20 times morewaste than it produces [20].• Embodied CO 2 - The embodied CO 2 in the average concrete/masonry house as compared to a timber frame house is around 4-5% more, and can beoffset in just 11 years as a result of the fabric energy efficiency properties of heavyweight construction. Over its lifetime, the concrete and masonryhouse can then go on to have the lower whole life CO 2 footprint of the two forms of construction [21].• Climate change adaptation - Housing built today will need to be resilient to the effects of dangerous climate change over the 21st century. Inparticular, the increasing risk of overheating will require full use to be made of shading, ventilation and thermal mass (which is an inherent property ofheavyweight materials). Another inherent property is good flood resilience, which is an important adaptation measure for housing in areas at risk ofincreased future flooding.• Durability – The robustness of concrete and masonry housing helps ensure a long life span of 150 years or more, with minimal risk of in-use damage toboth structure and finishes. The structure can also be easily extended or adapted over its life to meet changing occupant needs.• Airtightness – An important aspect of fabric energy efficiency in concrete and masonry housing is its ability to provide a robust primary air barrier,which helps ensure the long-term airtightness of the structure.• CO 2 uptake – It is a little known fact that concrete absorbs CO 2 over its lifetime. The process is called recarbonation, and in whole life terms, it reducesconcrete’s carbon footprint i.e. during the in use phase and following crushing and reuse.• Re-use – Precast concrete elements such as floor units are often remountable, enabling their re-use when the building comes to the end of its life.• Recycling at end of life - Concrete and masonry homes can be fully recycled to create new construction materials. Little evidence exists that any harddemolition and construction waste is sent to landfill [22].22
Thermal Performance: Part L1AReferences1. Defining a Fabric Energy Efficiency Standard for Zero Carbon Homes, executive summary of task group recommendations, Zero Carbon Hub,November 2009 (these recommendations will inform the government’s fabric energy efficiency standard for zero carbon homes).2. BBA Agrément Certificate 10/4786 - Xtratherm Cavity Therm insulation.3. NHBC Pressure Testing Results, 2007-2010.4. Using NHER Plan Assessor software.5. Fabric First, Energy Savings Trust, (publication CE320), October 2010.6. OCDEA Technical Bulletin Issue 24, National Energy Services, July 2009.7. Energy Efficient Ventilation in Dwellings – A Guide for Specifiers, Energy Savings Trust, 2006.8. R J Quincy, Benefits of a Holistic Design Approach to Developer Apartments, CIBSE National Conference, 2002.9. Zero Carbon Definition for Homes - Carbon Compliance Levels Recommended. Zero Carbon Hub News Centre: Dec 201010. NHBC, Clicks and Mortar e-news, December 2010.11. www.communities.gov.uk/news/newsroom/1779907.12. Evaluation of the Party Wall Thermal Bypass in Masonry Dwellings. J. Wingfield, D. Miles-Shenton and M. Bell, May 200913. Based on information issued by Robust Details Ltd. www.robustdetails.com.14. Ancon Building Products Ltd. www.ancon.co.uk.15. Carbon Compliance for Tomorrow’s New Homes (a review of the modelling tools and assumptions), Zero Carbon Hub, July 2010.16. NHBC Pressure Testing Results, 2007-2010.17. Airtightness Test Reports on ICF Dwellings, provided by Polarwall (November 2007) and undertaken by Energist and L2P Testing Ltd.18. The calculations follow procedures to calculate thermal admittance, Y, and related quantities, as specified in EN ISO 13786:2007 and 2)surface heat capacities, k (or ‘Cm’), as specified in EN ISO 13790:2004, which are used in the SAP2009 and iSBEM.19. Xtratherm Cavitytherm CT/PIR insulation (built-in 5mm cavity). www.xtratherm.com.20. The Concrete Industry Sustainability Performance Report (based on 2009 data), MPA – The Concrete Centre, 2010.21. Embodied and Operational Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Housing: A case Study on the Effects of Thermal Mass and Climate Change,J. Hacker (Arup) et al, Energy and Buildings 40 (2008) 375-384.22. Survey of Arisings and Use of Alternatives to Primary Aggregates in England 2005, Construction and Waste, DCLG, 2007.23
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