Arsenic In NH - Harvard University Department of Physics

Arsenic In NHCynthia M. Klevens, P.E.NH Department of Environmental ServicesWater Supply Engineering BureauSESSION IV: Making and Managing ArsenicResiduals from Drinking Water SuppliesArsenic and Landfills: Protecting Water QualityOctober 3-4, 2006, Boston, MA

NH PWS Arsenic Inventory (2005 - 2006)300025002400No of water systems20001500100050001200200 (15%)25 (2%)Total PWS Total CWS + NTNC >10ppb >50 ppb

Community and NTNC Systems >10ppbby Population Served> 10,0002%501 to 250012%25 to 5025%101 to 50036%51 to 10025%

93 Systems200180Arsenic Sampling Results (00-05)CWS CWS and Schools and NTNC - 133 systems Systems100%90%Number of Detections160140120100806054 Systems19 Systemsn=45980%70%60%50%40%30%Cumulative Frequency4020%2010%020 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 MoreArsenic Concentration (ppb)0%

60Arsenic Sampling Results (00-05)A Closer Look : Detections < 20 ppbC and P - 93 Systems100%Number of Detections5040302074 Systems36 Systemsn=19790%80%70%60%50%40%30%Cumulative Frequency1020%10%011 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20Arsenic Concentration (ppb)0%

Compliance StrategiesNo New s10%Blending / Altwells15%Studies13%Treatment62%

Treatment TechnogiesOxidation / FiltrationPOU - RO or AdsorptionAnion ExchangeAdsorptionArsenXnp 63Adedge E-33 17Activated Alumina 5ATS Complex 5Resintech 2IsoluxARM 200ADI G245895111

NHDES Arsenic Studies EPA Demonstration Projects– Adsorption / Iron Oxide Media– 3 sites, 2004 to present Borehole modification – 3 sites Total vs. Soluble ~25 sites to date As III speciation ~20 sites to date Actual Bedlife vs. Vendor Projections Backwash characterization ~12 sites,adsorption (2 medias), oxidation-filtration RSSCT setup (anticipated Nov-Dec 2006)

RollinsfordDemo Project #1 Oct ‘04 to Mar ‘06 Adedge E33 media 27 CF/vessel x 2 3 changeouts /abandoned technology! Oxid-Filtration 2-month 2trial Greensand piloting / install4Q06 Weekly Backwash, estim.2000 gal per event Backwash settling tanks /onsite sup’t discharge

Bow, White Rock - Demo Project #2 Oct 2004 to present ADI G2 media 85 CF/vessel x 2 First Changeout @6000 BV, TCLP

NH Arsenic Residuals Policy UIC Registrations all Backwash or salt regenerant samplefor total arsenic- Backwash study 4Q06 to characterizetotal vs. filtered arsenic in onsitedischarges Additional requirements dependingon treatment technology

Discharge Requirements, cont’dAdsorption– Low backwash frequency– Onsite discharge to drywell or infiltration ditch– TCLP spent media prior to landfillAnion Exchange– Centralized leachfield or Sanitary Sewer– Same mass loading, all water returned tocentral septic or sewer– Weekly or biweekly regeneration cycleOxidation / Filtration– Backwash settling tank or inline bag filter– Solids TCLP prior to landfill

Operational Problems…oh yeah! Short bedlife adsorption medias– 6,000 to 30,000 BV observed– 50,000 to 250,000 BV promised– Silica, Phosphate, pH, Manganese interferences Competition Installers / Operators Small Systems not used to processmonitoring, sampling for compliance only Public Notice each O&M hiccup, schools inshock sending arsenic letters home! Need more Outreach, Funding, Field Data

Private Homes – No State Regulation Assume similar occurrence ~15% Central / Southern / Seacoast NH POU (one sink) vs. POE (whole house)– POU 30 to 70% depending on vendor,single contaminant target– POE if co-contaminants contaminants Iron, Manganese,Sulfide, RadonLiquid Residuals to home septic (salt,RO reject, filter backwash)Solid Residuals to regular trash

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