Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview Shmuel Bar ...

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Bashar’s Syria 435Bureaus of Ba’ath Regional CommandMembers of the Regional Command, 1985–20051985 (8th Congress) 2000 (9th Congress) 2005 (10th Congress)1. Hafez al-Asad (deceased)AM2. ‘Abdallah al-AhmarS3. Zuhair MushariqaS4. ‘Abd al-Halim KhaddamS5. Rif’at al-AsadAM6. Mahmoud al–Zu’bi(deceased) S7. ‘Abd al-Rauf al-QasemS8. Mustafa TlasSM9. ‘Izzuddin NasirA10. Tawfik SalhaD11. Sa’d HamadehS12. Dr. Suleiman QaddahS13. Walid HamdounC14. Wahib TannousS15. ‘Abd al-Qadir QadouraS16. Hikmat al-ShihabiSM17. Ahmad QabalanS18. ‘Abd al-Razzaq AyyoubS19. Dr. Ahmad DarghamA20. Fa’iz al-Nasir (deceased)S21. Rashid AkhtariniSBashar al-AsadA‘Abdallah al-AhmarSZuhair MushariqaS‘Abd al-Halim KhaddamSDr. Suleiman QaddahS‘Abd al-Qadir QadduraSFa’iz al-Nasir (deceased)SDr. Ahmad DarghamAMustafa TlasSMWalid HamdounSMohammad Mustafa MiroSMohammad Naji al-OtariSBashar al-AsadAMahmud al-AbrashMohammad Naji al-OtariSFarouk al-Shara’SMohammad al-HusseinSHassan Ali TurkmaniSMHisham al-IkhtiarMOsama bin Hamed ’AdiYasser Tawfiq HouriehBassam JanbiehSaid Daoud EliyaMohammad Sa’idBakhtayantianSMHaitham SatayhiFarouk al-Shara’SSalam al-YasinShahinaz FakoushSIbrahim HuneidiSFarouk Abu al-ShamatSGhiath BarakatSMajid ShadoudSDr. Walid al-BouzCMohammad Sa’id BakhtayanSMDr. Mohammad al-HusseinSM–Military, S–Sunni, A–Alawi, Number ()–age when elected, OG–Old Guard.New Member.
Regional Command;Central CommitteeRegional Command;Central CommitteeRegional Command;Central CommitteeRegional Command;Central CommitteeRegional Command;Central CommitteeRegional Command;Central CommitteeRegional Command;Central CommitteeMain Figures in the Syrian Ba’th PartyName Age Role in Ba’th Background Community RemarksBashar al-Asad 39 Regional Secretary ofthe Ba’th Party;Secretary General ofthe CCMahmoud al-Abrash 61 RCCCMohammad Naji al-Otari 61 RCCCFarouk al-Shara’ 67 RCCCMohammad al-Hussein 46 RCHead of NationalEconomy Bureau;CCHassan Ali Turkmani 70 RCCCHisham al-Ikhtiar 64 RCHead of the NationalSecurity Bureau; CCMD (Damascus)Ophthalmology UKPh.D. Engineering (U.of Paris)Diploma in UrbanStudies (Holland)International Law(University ofLondon, UK)Ph.D. in Economics(Rumania)Military career, “oldguard”Military career, “oldguard”Alawite Commander of the Army;President of the NPF.Sunni (Damascus) President of the PeopleAssemblySunni (Aleppo) Former Mayor of Aleppo and itsGovernor; PM from 2003;member in the RC since 2000Sunni (Deraa) Minister of Foreign Affairs; amember in the RC since 2000Sunni (Deir Elzor) Minister of Finance; a memberin the RC since 2000Sunni Turkman(Aleppo)Minister of Defense; deputycommander in chief of theArmed Forces; a member inthe CC since 2000Alawite Former Head of GeneralIntelligence, known for hisexpertise in dealing with theMuslim Brotherhood436
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Bashar’s Syria 355of political im
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Bashar’s Syria 359a-Zur province
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362 S. Barof Lebanon, with which Sy
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368 S. Barnaturally come with the s
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370 S. BarSimilar behavior on the p
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372 S. Bardemocracy” must be foun
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374 S. Barcultural, political and m
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376 S. Barexcept for those with fam
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378 S. Barthe provisions for nonpro
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380 S. Bar The ups and downs in rel
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382 S. Barfamily is also linked by
Page 33 and 34: 384 S. Bar2. The “second generati
Page 35 and 36: 386 S. BarThe reformist trend withi
Page 37 and 38: 388 S. Barwould allow the younger g
Page 39 and 40: 390 S. BarFigure 3. Heads of the Sy
Page 41 and 42: 392 S. Bar Disruption of the “hie
Page 43 and 44: 394 S. Bar(Majlis Milli), composed
Page 45 and 46: 396 S. Bar Other prominent Syrians
Page 47 and 48: 398 S. BarSyrian civil society—su
Page 49 and 50: 400 S. BarMany of the Muslim Brothe
Page 51 and 52: 402 S. BarThese elements find reson
Page 53 and 54: 404 S. BarIran’s proxy, Hezbollah
Page 55 and 56: 406 S. BarWest—and specifically t
Page 57 and 58: 408 S. BarBashar is well aware that
Page 59 and 60: 410 S. BarBashar did not read these
Page 61 and 62: 412 S. Bartoken withdrawal while ma
Page 63 and 64: 414 S. Barlegitimacy had eroded. Ne
Page 65 and 66: 416 S. Barin the wake of the al-Har
Page 67 and 68: 418 S. BarIt was Russia, however, t
Page 69 and 70: 420 S. Baror so, with competitive p
Page 71 and 72: 422 S. Bar10. According to the well
Page 73 and 74: 424 S. Bar44. See Flynt Everett, In
Page 75 and 76: 426 S. Barinternet news site, all4s
Page 77 and 78: 428 S. Bar100. As one Sunni Syrian
Page 79 and 80: 430 S. Bar125. Radio Damascus, 21 O
Page 81 and 82: 432 S. BarBengio, Ofra and Gabriel
Page 83: 434 S. BarNews agencies and Newspap
Page 87 and 88: Main Figures in the Syrian Ba’th
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Bashar's Syria: The Regime and its Strategic Worldview Shmuel Bar ...

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