August 2010 1 88481 INTRODUCTIONAnthropogenic / human activities generate by-products which are seen as useless and arediscarded as waste. The increasing population growth ac<strong>co</strong>mpanied by urbanisation andindustrialisation, have resulted in an increase in the volume of waste generated by society.Waste is associated with numerous environmental and social impacts as discussed in thisreport.It has been estimated that globally 95% of all urban waste is disposed of on land, either inopen trenches or in sanitary waste disposal sites. Ac<strong>co</strong>rding to the Minimum Requirements<strong>for</strong> Disposal by <strong>Landfill</strong>, Se<strong>co</strong>nd edition 3 (Department of Water Affairs 4 [DWA], 1998), everywaste disposal site must be licensed, designed, <strong>co</strong>nstructed, operated and closed ac<strong>co</strong>rdingto the stipulated requirements. Furthermore, ac<strong>co</strong>rding to the National EnvironmentalManagement Waste Act (NEM:WA) of 2008 Section 26, (1) No person may—(a) dispose ofwaste, or knowingly or negligently cause or permit waste to be disposed of, in or on anyland, water body or at any facility unless the disposal of that waste is authorised by law.1.1 Background In<strong>for</strong>mationThe <strong>Boitshepi</strong> Waste Disposal <strong>Site</strong> is located in Vanderbijlpark. The site is situated to theeast of Boipatong and to the west of Tshepiso, hence the name <strong>Boitshepi</strong> (Figure 1). Thesite is owned by Emfuleni Local Municipality (ELM), managed by the Emfuleni LocalMunicipality (ELM) and is operated by Enviro-Fill.The site has been operational since the 1970s, prior to the Minimum Requirements <strong>for</strong>Waste Disposal by <strong>Landfill</strong> (DWA, 1998) and as a result <strong>Boitshepi</strong> was not developed oroperated in ac<strong>co</strong>rdance with these requirements and has had a negative impact on thesurrounding environment.In February 1994, Jarrod Ball and Associates (JBA), specialist waste <strong>co</strong>nsultants, <strong>co</strong>mpleteda Status Quo Analysis on the <strong>Boitshepi</strong> Waste Disposal <strong>Site</strong>. The study re<strong>co</strong>mmended someremedial measures, but these were not implemented and the situation at the sitedeteriorated.In September 1994, JBA was appointed, based on the re<strong>co</strong>mmendations of the Status QuoAnalysis, to proceed with the licensing, rehabilitation and closure of the waste disposal site.3 The Minimum Requirements <strong>for</strong> Waste Disposal by <strong>Landfill</strong>, third edition (DWA 2005) has been <strong>co</strong>mpiled, buthas not yet been promulgated. For this reason and <strong>for</strong> the purpose of this report, the Minimum Requirements <strong>for</strong>Waste Disposal by <strong>Landfill</strong>, se<strong>co</strong>nd edition have been cited and referenced (DWA, 1998),4 The Department of Water Affairs (DWA) was previously known as the Department of Water Affairs and Forestry(DWAF).ZITHOLELE CONSULTING
August 2010 2 8848However, during this time it was re<strong>co</strong>gnised that the <strong>Boitshepi</strong> <strong>co</strong>uld be of prime strategicimportance within the region because of its central location within a large waste generationarea. The long-term use of the waste site was there<strong>for</strong>e viewed as potentially of great value,if the environmental problems <strong>co</strong>uld be remedied.In terms of the a<strong>for</strong>ementioned appointment, JBA carried out, inter alia, a limitedgeohydrological investigation of the site to determine the extent of the impact of the wastesite on surface and groundwater pollution. The results of this investigation were used as thebasis <strong>for</strong> discussions with the DWA in February 1995, regarding the future of the <strong>Boitshepi</strong>Waste Disposal <strong>Site</strong>.During these discussions, various alternative waste disposal options were proposed and itwas re<strong>co</strong>mmended that these options be investigated by means of a Feasibility Study. Ofprime importance was the fact that the site, irrespective of the option chosen, would have tomeet the objectives of the Minimum Requirements, namely environmental and publicacceptability. The future of the waste disposal site would thus be decided, based on thefindings of that study. At this meeting, the urgency of addressing some priority remedialmeasures, such as proper storm water management and access <strong>co</strong>ntrol, was alsoemphasised.After 2005, JBA became part of Golder Associates Africa (GAA) and the members of JBAjoined GAA. The <strong>Boitshepi</strong> Project was put on hold due to the unrest and some violencewhich was taking place at that time. A man lost his life because of a shooting that took placeon site. The previous Lekoa Municipality (now ELM) withdrew all its resources. Thewithdrawal of the Municipality from site led to a number of issues, illegal dumping<strong>co</strong>mmenced as well as un<strong>co</strong>ntrolled disposal of ha<strong>za</strong>rdous waste by industries in the area.After 1994, the local authorities were amalgamated and that led to the birth of new localgovernment. Western Vaal Metropolitan Local Municipality became ELM under the SedibengDistrict Municipality.ZITHOLELE CONSULTING