Catalysis of Organic..

490Profiling of Catalytic PerformanceDEG-Cat1 E1002NN/ W 5%DEG-Cat E101N/ 2 W 5%DEG-Cat E101O/ 3 W 5%DEG-Cat E101R/ W 45%10,501E105B/ W 5%E105NN/ W 5%E105U/ W 5%E105YB/ W 5%DEG-Cat 5 DEG-Cat 6 DEG-Cat 7 DEG-Cat 80,501E106NN/ W 5%E107EXP/ W 5%_P1/ 3466E107EXP/ W 5%_P1/ 3467E109NN/ W 5%DEG-Cat9 DEG-Cat 10 DEG-Cat 11 DEG-Cat 120,5Figure 2.Selected performanceprofiles focussing oncatalyst activity inC=C-double bondhydrogenation andhydrogenolysis forvarious Pd/C catalysts010,50(1) Cinnamic acid hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 034895%_P1/ 3490E1525EXP/ W 5%_P1/ DEG-Cat13 E1525EXP/ W DEG-Cat 14 E_Heraeus_K-0201"S"_5%DEG-Cat 15 E_Heraeus_K-0203_5%DEG-Cat 16Activity –Cinnamic acid(2) Dibenzylether hydrogenation:( t= 0)Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 0Activity -Dibenzylether(3) Dibenzylether ( t= 0)hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 80 minActivity -Dibenzylether( t= 80)(1) Cinnamic acid hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 0Activity –Cinnamic acid(2) Dibenzylether ( t= 0)hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 0Activity -Dibenzylether(3) Dibenzylether ( t= 0)hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction Activity time -Dibenzylethert = 80 min(1) Cinnamic ( acid t= 80)hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 0Activity –Cinnamic acid(2) Dibenzylether hydrogenation:( t= 0)Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 0Activity -Dibenzylether(3) Dibenzylether ( t= 0)hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 80 minActivity -Dibenzylether( t= 80)(1) Cinnamic acid hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction time t = 0Activity –Cinnamic acid(2) Dibenzylether ( t= 0)hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction Activity time -Dibenzylethert = 0( t= 0)(3) Dibenzylether hydrogenation:Activity of hydrogen conversion atreaction Activity time -Dibenzylethert = 80 min( t= 80)1,0Ideal profilFigure 3.Hypothetical idealperformance profilefor selectivehydrogenation ofhydroxyl-olefin tohydroxyl-alkane0,50(1) Cinnamic acid hydrogenation:Activity Activity of hydrogen –Cinnamic conversion acidat( reaction t= 0)time t = 0(2) Dibenzylether hydrogenation:Activity -DibenzyletherActivity of hydrogen conversion at( reaction t= 0)time t = 0(3) Dibenzylether hydrogenation:Activity -DibenzyletherActivity of hydrogen conversion at( reaction t= 80)time t = 80 minThe statistical similarity analysis was performed based on determination of Euclideandistance between hypothetical and catalyst profile according to the followingformula:similarity =∑( real perfomance value − ideal performance value)i2( ideal performance value)Since relative distances are considered in this formula, small positive deviationsfrom zero-activity for the hydrogenolysis have strong impact on the similarity value.Figure 4 indicates the ranking of similarity of the 16 Pd catalysts with respect to thehypothetical ideal profile shown in Figure 3. Accordingly, catalyst DEG-3 appears tobe the preferable catalyst for the selective hydrogenation of hydroxy-olefin. DEG-16,DEG-14 and DEG-12 are also expected to give high yield of the saturated alcohol.i2