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Salmi et al. 195Notationaa pa GLAcdD ekk L , k GKnNpPrrRRstxε pερ pννηReScShcatalyst activity factorcatalyst particle mass transfer area to reactor volume relationgas-liquid mass transfer area to reactor volume relationmass transfer areaconcentrationdiametereffective diffusion coefficientrate constant,mass transfer coefficientgas-liquid equilibrium constantmolar amountflux, mol/m 2 spartial pressuretotal pressurecomponent reaction rateradius, mreaction rategas constant 8.3143 J/molKcatalyst particle shape factortime, minmole fractionporosityspecific mixing powerCatalyst particle densitystoichiometric coefficient, dimensionlesskinematic viscosityviscosity cPReynolds numberSchmidt numberSherwood numberSubscripts and superscriptsb bulk propertyG gas phasei component indexj reaction indexL liquid phasep catalyst particle propery* equilibrium conditions
196Modeling Mass Transfer HydrogenationAcknowledgementThis work is part of the activities at the Åbo Akademi Process Chemistry Centrewithin the Finnish Centre of Excellence Programme (2000-2011) by the Academy ofFinlandReferences1. Thiele E.W., Ind. Eng. Chem., 31, 916, (1939)2. D.A.. Frank Kamenetskii, (1955), Diffusion and Heat-transfer in ChemicalKinetics, Princton Univ. Press, N.J., USA3. Hindmarsh, A. C., 1983, ODEPACK-A Systematized Collection of ODE-Solvers,R. Stepleman et al., Scientific Computing, IMACS/North Holland PublishingCompany, p. 55-644. Aumo, J., Mikkola, J.-P., Bernechea, J., Salmi, T. and Murzin, D. Yu.,Hydrogenation of Citral Over Ni on Monolith, Int. J. Chem. Eng., (2005), Vol.3, A255. Aumo, J., Oksanen, S., Mikkola, J.-P., Salmi, T. and Murzin, D. Yu., NovelWoven Active Carbon Fiber Catalyst in the Hydrogenation of Citral, Cat.Today, 102-103 (2005), 128-1326. Aartun, I., Silberova, B., Venvik, H., Pfeifer, P., Görke, O., Schubert, K. andHolmen, A., Hydrogen Production from Propane in Rh-impregnated MetallicMicrochannel Reactors and Aumina Foams, Cat. Tod., (2005) 105, 469-4787. A. Fick, Phil. Mag. (1855), 10, 30 and W.F. Smith, Foundations of MaterialsScience and Eng. 3 rd ed., McGraw Hill (2004)8. Murzin D. and Salmi T., Catalytic Kinetics, ISBN: 0-444-51605-0, 2005,Elsevier9. Wilke, C.R., Chang, P., Am. Inst. Chem. Engrs J. 1, 264, 195510. Hayduk, W., Minhas, B.S., Can. J. Chem. Eng. (1982), 60, 29511. Reid R.C., Prausnitz J.M., Poling B.E. (1988), The Properties of Gases andLiquids 5 th ed., Mc graw Hill Book Company, New York12. Fogg P.G.T and Gerrard W. (1991), Solubility of Gases in Liquids, Wiley,Chichester13. Mikkola, J-P. Salmi, T., and Sjöholm, R., J. Chem. Techn. and Biotechn. (1999),74, 655-66214. A.I. Burschtein, A.A., Zcharikov and S.I., Temkin, J. Phys., (1988), B 21,190715. Hajek, Jan; Murzin, Dmitry Yu. Liquid-Phase Hydrogenation ofCinnamaldehyde over a Ru-Sn Sol-Gel Catalyst. 1. Evaluation of Mass Transfervia a Combined Experimental/Theoretical Approach, Industrial & EngineeringChemistry Research (2004), 43(9), 2030-203816. Kuusisto, J., Mikkola, J-P., Sparv, M., Heikkilä, H., Perälä, R., Väyrynen, J.,and Salmi, T., Hydrogenation of Lactose over Raney Nickel type Catalyst –Kinetics and Modeling, submitted 200517. Salmi, T., Murzin, D. Yu., Mikkola, J.-P., Wärnå, J., Mäki-Arvela, P.,Toukoniitty, E., Toppinen, S., Advanced kinetic concepts and experimentalmethods for catalytic three-phase processes, Indust. & Engin. Chem. Res., 43(2004), 4540-4550
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Catalysis ofOrganic Reactions
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14. Catalyst Manufacture: Laborator
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62. Catalysis of Organic Reactions,
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108. Metal Oxides: Chemistry and Ap
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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xiii14. The Transformation of Light
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xviien Catalisis y Petroquimica (UN
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xix56. Transition Metal Removal fro
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xxiiiChronology of Organic Reaction
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To Zsuzsanna and Tim
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Jones et al. 31. On the Use of Immo
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Jones et al. 5three-phase tests in
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Jones et al. 7In the HKR of rac-epi
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Jones et al. 9term performance char
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Jones et al. 115. A. S. Gruber, D.
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Moses et al. 132. Supported Re Cata
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Moses et al. 15perrhenate, followed
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Moses et al. 17SnCOSnMe 4≡SiOReO
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Moses et al. 19(AlOSi) of the cube.
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Moses et al. 212.510 3 k obs / s -1
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Wang et al. 233. Catalytic Hydrogen
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Wang et al. 25The rate expressions
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Wang et al. 27Schiff’s base forma
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32Halophosphite LigandsIn 1970, Pru
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34Halophosphite LigandsThe ligands,
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36Halophosphite LigandsTable 2 Temp
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38Halophosphite Ligands3. P. W. N.
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40Monolithic Bioreactorstrength for
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42Monolithic BioreactorMenten equat
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Gőbölös et al. 456. Highly Selec
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Gőbölös et al. 47was practically
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Gőbölös et al. 49noteworthy that
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Gőbölös et al. 51Figure 2 NMR sp
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Gőbölös et al. 53internal TMS in
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56Hydrotalcite-like Catalysts[A n-
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58Hydrotalcite-like Catalystssample
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Mantilla, Tzompantzi, Torres and G
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68Synthesis of MIBKwe examined the
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70Synthesis of MIBK1412Conversion (
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72Synthesis of MIBK4,4’-dimethyl
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74Synthesis of MIBKobtained for MIB
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Ardizzi et al. 7710. The Control of
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Ardizzi et al. 79type acidity at th
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Ardizzi et al. 81procedure describe
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84Phenol Benzoylationconsecutive Fr
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86Phenol BenzoylationThis does not
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II. Symposium on Catalytic Oxidatio
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92Oxidation with Microchannel Immob
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100 Propylene Partial OxidationThe
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102 Propylene Partial OxidationSiO
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104 Propylene Partial Oxidation0.01
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106 Propylene Partial Oxidation0.02
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108 Propylene Partial OxidationRefe
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110Oxidation of n-Pentanemethacryli
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112Oxidation of n-PentaneFReqox1ox2
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114Oxidation of n-Pentanethe presen
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116Oxidation of n-PentaneIn the mec
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118Oxidation of n-PentaneReferences
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120TEMPO Oxidation of Alcoholsthe u
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122TEMPO Oxidation of AlcoholsThe r
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124TEMPO Oxidation of Alcoholsany d
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126TEMPO Oxidation of Alcoholsconce
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128TEMPO Oxidation of AlcoholsMNT :
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130TEMPO Oxidation of Alcoholsuptak
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132Aminoalcohols to Aminocarboxylic
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142Bromine-Free TEMPO-Based Catalys
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Page 175 and 176: 148CO OxidationP25 TiO 2 , respecti
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Page 179 and 180: 152CO Oxidationcarboxylate species
Page 182 and 183: Yamauchi 15519. 2006 Murray Raney A
Page 184 and 185: Yamauchi 157transformation is schem
Page 186 and 187: Yamauchi 159The X-ray diffraction p
Page 188 and 189: Yamauchi 161was -0.0009, -0.0032 an
Page 190 and 191: Yamauchi 163shown in Fig. 12. It wa
Page 192: Yamauchi 165These fine particles we
Page 195 and 196: 168Nitrobenzene Hydrogenationfurthe
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Page 199 and 200: 172Nitrobenzene HydrogenationThe co
Page 201 and 202: 174Nitrobenzene HydrogenationHence
Page 203 and 204: 176Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation10. G.
Page 205 and 206: 178 Hydrogenation of Dehydrolinaloo
Page 215 and 216: 188Modeling Mass Transfer Hydrogena
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Page 225 and 226: 198 Fructose HydrogenationHOHCCH 2O
Page 227 and 228: 200 Fructose HydrogenationTable 1.
Page 229 and 230: 202 Fructose Hydrogenationmmol form
Page 231 and 232: 204 Fructose Hydrogenationthe subst
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Page 235 and 236: 208 Fructose Hydrogenationfulfills
Page 237 and 238: 210 Fructose Hydrogenationis not th
Page 240 and 241: Disselkamp et al. 21324. Cavitating
Page 242 and 243: Disselkamp et al. 215column. In a p
Page 244 and 245: Disselkamp et al. 217selectivity es
Page 246 and 247: Disselkamp et al. 219hydrogenated (
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Page 250 and 251: Disselkamp et al. 223Scheme 4.cis-2
Page 252 and 253: Disselkamp et al. 225conventional c
Page 254 and 255: Ostgard et al. 22725. The Treatment
Page 256 and 257: Ostgard et al. 229Table 1. The reac
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Page 260 and 261: Ostgard et al. 233In conclusion, th
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Page 264 and 265: Kuusisto, Mikkola and Salmi 237100A
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Page 269 and 270: 242 1-Phenyl-1-Propyneof cis-β-met
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Musolino, Apa, Donato and Pietropao
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Gőbölös and Margitfalvi 255maxim
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Rothenberg et al. 265pre-define the
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Rothenberg et al. 267Table 1. Parti
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Rothenberg et al. 269Experimental S
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Angueira and White 27131. Novel Chl
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Angueira and White 273optimizedgeom
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Angueira and White 275F igure 4 - c
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Angueira and White 277Table 1. 27 A
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Angueira and White 279obtained from
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Cao, White, Wang and Frye 28933. Se
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Cao, White, Wang and Frye 291Experi
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294Chiral Ferrocene Ligandsnew Twin
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296Chiral Ferrocene LigandsTable 1.
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298Chiral Ferrocene Ligandsprevents
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300Chiral Ferrocene LigandsConclusi
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302Chiral Ferrocene Ligandsextracte
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304 Catalyst Library DesignIn gas p
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306 Catalyst Library Designd−(b 0
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308 Catalyst Library DesignBasic Pr
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310 Catalyst Library DesignD in com
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312 Catalyst Library DesignCatalyst
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314 Catalyst Library Design27. S. H
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316 Dendrimer TemplatesWe are devel
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318 Dendrimer TemplatesThe differen
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320 Dendrimer TemplatesWe encounter
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322 Dendrimer TemplatesThe 100 cm -
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328Rearrangement of 3,4-Epoxy-1-But
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3382,5-Dimethyl-2,4-Hexadieneharves
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348Heteropoly AcidsSOOO O+ +OS1 2 3
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350Heteropoly AcidsTable 3. Acylati
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352Heteropoly AcidsSiO 2 is the bes
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Diez, Di Cosimo and Apesteguia 3554
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Diez, Di Cosimo and Apesteguia 357T
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Diez, Di Cosimo and Apesteguia 359A
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378 Polyurethane from Natural OilMe
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380 Polyurethane from Natural Oilco
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382 Polyurethane from Natural Oilfr
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384 Polyurethane from Natural OilTh
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386 Carbonylation of Chloropinacolo
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396 Recycling Homogeneous Catalysts
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406“Green” Catalysts for Biodie
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416 Production of BiodieselTable 1.
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418 Production of Biodieselto a mas
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420 Production of BiodieselEthyl st
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422 Production of Biodiesel10080Sel
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424 Production of Biodieselproduct
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Marincean et al. 431neutralize all
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Marincean et al. 433suggesting that
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Kocal 43748. Developing Sustainable
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Kocal 439description of the four st
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Kocal 441metallurgy in parts of the
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Kocal 443that capital investment co
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448Propylene Oxidation to POSupercr
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450Propylene Oxidation to POTable 1
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452Propylene Oxidation to PO
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Riermeier et al. 45550. catASium ®
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Riermeier et al. 457It is interesti
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Riermeier et al. 459Reaction of the
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Riermeier et al. 461References1. I.
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464 Chiral 2-Amino-1-Phenylethanolp
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466 Chiral 2-Amino-1-PhenylethanolI
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468 Chiral 2-Amino-1-Phenylethanola
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470 t-Butanol DehydrationResults an
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472 t-Butanol Dehydrationcomprises
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Pohlmann et al 47553. Leaching Resi
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Pohlmann et al 477this study. In th
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482 Reductive AlkylationSince the p
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484 Reductive AlkylationTable 2. Re
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Wolf, Seebald and Tacke 489100Norma
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Wolf, Seebald and Tacke 4911,88Figu
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Woods et al. 49356. Transition Meta
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Woods et al. 495Effect of oxidation
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Woods et al. 497
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Woods et al. 499removed the samples
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502 Electroreductive Catalytic Ullm
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504 Electroreductive Catalytic Ullm
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Catalysis of Organic Reactions 507A
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Catalysis of Organic Reactions 509K
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Catalysis of Organic Reactions 511T
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514 Keyword Indexcarboncarbon dioxi
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516 Keyword Indexethanolamine 16 13
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518 Keyword IndexNi, activated 25 2
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520 Keyword Indexsuccinimido ketone
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