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Gelder, Jackson and Lok 175measured using CO chemisorption. Taking a CO: Pd ratio of 1:2 the dispersionwas calculated as 42.0 % and an approximate metal particle size determined as2.6 nm.Hydrogenation was carried out in a Buchi stirred autoclave. The catalyst(0.1 g) was added to the reactor with the reaction solvent (280 mL methanol)and reduced in a flow of hydrogen (30 cm 3 min -1 ) for 30 minutes with a stirringrate of 300 rpm. During reduction the reactor temperature was increased to 323K. The reactant, nitrobenzene (8.5 mL, 0.08 mol), nitrosobenzene (8.85 g, 0.08mol) or azobenzene (7.5 g, 0.04 mol) was then added and the hydrogen pressureset at 2 barg and the stirrer speed at 1000 rpm. In reactions involving theaddition of one of the intermediates along with nitrobenzene, the intermediatewas added first and mixed with the solvent under nitrogen before nitrobenzenewas added and reaction commenced. No variation in hydrogenation rate wasobserved over a range of stirrer speeds (800 – 1500 rpm) indicating the absenceof mass transfer control. Analysis of the reaction mixture was performed byGC-MS using a Varian CP-3800 GC with a Varian Saturn 2000 Trace MSdetector fitted with a 25 m DB-5 column. The rate of hydrogenation wasmeasured using the gas flow controller fitted to the autoclave and the rate ofaniline production was calculated using the GC-MS data.AcknowledgementsThe authors would like to thank EPSRC and Johnson Matthey for fundingthis project and Dr. T. A. Johnson for his helpful suggestions.Acknowledgment is made to the Donors of The American Chemical SocietyPetroleum Research Fund, for the support of this work through the awardof a travel grant.References1. K. Weissermel and H.-J Arpe, Industrial Organic Chemistry, 3 rd ed. VCH,Weinheim, p. 377 19972. A. Metcalfe, M. W. Rowden, J. Catal., 22, 30 (1971)3. D. J. Ostgard, M. Berweiler, S. Roder, K. Mobus, A. Freund and P. Panster,Chemical Industries (Dekker), 82, (Catal. Org. React.), 75 (2001).4. X. Yu, M. Wang, H. Li, Appl.Catal. A, 202, 71 (2000)5. S. R. de Miguel, J. I. Vilella, E. L. Jablonski, O. A. Scelza, C. Salinas-Martinez de Lecea, A. Linares-Solano, Appl. Catal. A, 232, 237 (2002)6. F. Haber, Zeit. Electrochem., 4, 506 (1898)7. H. D. Burge, D. J. Collins, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res. Dev., 19, 389 (1980)8. V. Höller, D. Wegricht, I. Yuranov, L. Kiwi-Minsker, A. Renken, Chem.Eng. Technol., 23, 251 (2000)9. F. Figeras, B. Coq, J. Mol. Catal. A., 173, 223 (2001)
176Nitrobenzene Hydrogenation10. G. V. Smith, R. Song, M. Gasior, R. E. Malz Jr., Chemical Industries(Dekker), 53, (Catal. Org. React.), 137 (1994).11. D. J. Collins, A. D. Smith and B. H. Davis, Ind. Eng. Chem. Prod. Res.Dev., 21, 279 (1982).12. G. J. K. Acres and G. C. Bond, Platinum Metals. Rev., 10, 122 (1966).13. P. Zuman and B. Shah, Chem. Rev., 94, 1621 (1994).14. D. Groskova, M. Stolcova and M. Hronec, Catal. Lett., 69, 113 (2000).
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Catalysis ofOrganic Reactions
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14. Catalyst Manufacture: Laborator
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62. Catalysis of Organic Reactions,
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108. Metal Oxides: Chemistry and Ap
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CRC PressTaylor & Francis Group6000
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xiii14. The Transformation of Light
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xviien Catalisis y Petroquimica (UN
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xix56. Transition Metal Removal fro
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xxiiiChronology of Organic Reaction
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To Zsuzsanna and Tim
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Jones et al. 31. On the Use of Immo
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Jones et al. 5three-phase tests in
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Jones et al. 7In the HKR of rac-epi
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Jones et al. 9term performance char
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Jones et al. 115. A. S. Gruber, D.
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Moses et al. 132. Supported Re Cata
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Moses et al. 15perrhenate, followed
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Moses et al. 17SnCOSnMe 4≡SiOReO
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Moses et al. 19(AlOSi) of the cube.
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Moses et al. 212.510 3 k obs / s -1
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Wang et al. 233. Catalytic Hydrogen
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Wang et al. 25The rate expressions
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Wang et al. 27Schiff’s base forma
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Wang et al. 29AcknowledgementsWe gr
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32Halophosphite LigandsIn 1970, Pru
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34Halophosphite LigandsThe ligands,
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36Halophosphite LigandsTable 2 Temp
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38Halophosphite Ligands3. P. W. N.
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40Monolithic Bioreactorstrength for
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42Monolithic BioreactorMenten equat
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Gőbölös et al. 456. Highly Selec
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Gőbölös et al. 47was practically
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Gőbölös et al. 49noteworthy that
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Gőbölös et al. 51Figure 2 NMR sp
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Gőbölös et al. 53internal TMS in
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56Hydrotalcite-like Catalysts[A n-
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58Hydrotalcite-like Catalystssample
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Mantilla, Tzompantzi, Torres and G
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68Synthesis of MIBKwe examined the
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70Synthesis of MIBK1412Conversion (
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72Synthesis of MIBK4,4’-dimethyl
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74Synthesis of MIBKobtained for MIB
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Ardizzi et al. 7710. The Control of
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Ardizzi et al. 79type acidity at th
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Ardizzi et al. 81procedure describe
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84Phenol Benzoylationconsecutive Fr
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86Phenol BenzoylationThis does not
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II. Symposium on Catalytic Oxidatio
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92Oxidation with Microchannel Immob
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100 Propylene Partial OxidationThe
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102 Propylene Partial OxidationSiO
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104 Propylene Partial Oxidation0.01
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106 Propylene Partial Oxidation0.02
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108 Propylene Partial OxidationRefe
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110Oxidation of n-Pentanemethacryli
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112Oxidation of n-PentaneFReqox1ox2
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114Oxidation of n-Pentanethe presen
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116Oxidation of n-PentaneIn the mec
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118Oxidation of n-PentaneReferences
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120TEMPO Oxidation of Alcoholsthe u
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122TEMPO Oxidation of AlcoholsThe r
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Page 153 and 154: 126TEMPO Oxidation of Alcoholsconce
Page 155 and 156: 128TEMPO Oxidation of AlcoholsMNT :
Page 157 and 158: 130TEMPO Oxidation of Alcoholsuptak
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Page 175 and 176: 148CO OxidationP25 TiO 2 , respecti
Page 177 and 178: 150CO Oxidation0.02(a)21802110(b)21
Page 179 and 180: 152CO Oxidationcarboxylate species
Page 182 and 183: Yamauchi 15519. 2006 Murray Raney A
Page 184 and 185: Yamauchi 157transformation is schem
Page 186 and 187: Yamauchi 159The X-ray diffraction p
Page 188 and 189: Yamauchi 161was -0.0009, -0.0032 an
Page 190 and 191: Yamauchi 163shown in Fig. 12. It wa
Page 192: Yamauchi 165These fine particles we
Page 195 and 196: 168Nitrobenzene Hydrogenationfurthe
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Page 199 and 200: 172Nitrobenzene HydrogenationThe co
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Page 205 and 206: 178 Hydrogenation of Dehydrolinaloo
Page 215 and 216: 188Modeling Mass Transfer Hydrogena
Page 225 and 226: 198 Fructose HydrogenationHOHCCH 2O
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Page 229 and 230: 202 Fructose Hydrogenationmmol form
Page 231 and 232: 204 Fructose Hydrogenationthe subst
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Page 240 and 241: Disselkamp et al. 21324. Cavitating
Page 242 and 243: Disselkamp et al. 215column. In a p
Page 244 and 245: Disselkamp et al. 217selectivity es
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Disselkamp et al. 225conventional c
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Ostgard et al. 22725. The Treatment
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Ostgard et al. 229Table 1. The reac
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Ostgard et al. 231metal atoms. Thes
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Ostgard et al. 233In conclusion, th
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Kuusisto, Mikkola and Salmi 23526.
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Kuusisto, Mikkola and Salmi 237100A
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Kuusisto, Mikkola and Salmi 2399. B
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242 1-Phenyl-1-Propyneof cis-β-met
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244 1-Phenyl-1-Propynealkene. When
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Musolino, Apa, Donato and Pietropao
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Gőbölös and Margitfalvi 25329. R
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Gőbölös and Margitfalvi 255maxim
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Gőbölös and Margitfalvi 257Y=421
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Rothenberg et al. 26130. How to Fin
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Rothenberg et al. 263By dividing th
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Rothenberg et al. 265pre-define the
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Rothenberg et al. 267Table 1. Parti
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Rothenberg et al. 269Experimental S
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Angueira and White 27131. Novel Chl
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Angueira and White 273optimizedgeom
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Angueira and White 275F igure 4 - c
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Angueira and White 277Table 1. 27 A
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Angueira and White 279obtained from
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Robitaille, Clément, Chapuzet and
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Cao, White, Wang and Frye 28933. Se
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Cao, White, Wang and Frye 291Experi
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294Chiral Ferrocene Ligandsnew Twin
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296Chiral Ferrocene LigandsTable 1.
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298Chiral Ferrocene Ligandsprevents
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300Chiral Ferrocene LigandsConclusi
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302Chiral Ferrocene Ligandsextracte
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304 Catalyst Library DesignIn gas p
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306 Catalyst Library Designd−(b 0
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308 Catalyst Library DesignBasic Pr
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310 Catalyst Library DesignD in com
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312 Catalyst Library DesignCatalyst
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314 Catalyst Library Design27. S. H
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316 Dendrimer TemplatesWe are devel
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318 Dendrimer TemplatesThe differen
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320 Dendrimer TemplatesWe encounter
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322 Dendrimer TemplatesThe 100 cm -
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328Rearrangement of 3,4-Epoxy-1-But
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3382,5-Dimethyl-2,4-Hexadieneharves
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3462,5-Dimethyl-2,4-Hexadiene8. www
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348Heteropoly AcidsSOOO O+ +OS1 2 3
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350Heteropoly AcidsTable 3. Acylati
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352Heteropoly AcidsSiO 2 is the bes
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Diez, Di Cosimo and Apesteguia 357T
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Diez, Di Cosimo and Apesteguia 359A
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378 Polyurethane from Natural OilMe
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380 Polyurethane from Natural Oilco
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382 Polyurethane from Natural Oilfr
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384 Polyurethane from Natural OilTh
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386 Carbonylation of Chloropinacolo
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396 Recycling Homogeneous Catalysts
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406“Green” Catalysts for Biodie
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416 Production of BiodieselTable 1.
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418 Production of Biodieselto a mas
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420 Production of BiodieselEthyl st
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422 Production of Biodiesel10080Sel
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424 Production of Biodieselproduct
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Marincean et al. 42747. Glycerol Hy
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Marincean et al. 429Experimental Se
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Marincean et al. 431neutralize all
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Marincean et al. 433suggesting that
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Marincean et al. 435increasing from
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Kocal 43748. Developing Sustainable
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Kocal 439description of the four st
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Kocal 441metallurgy in parts of the
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Kocal 443that capital investment co
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448Propylene Oxidation to POSupercr
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450Propylene Oxidation to POTable 1
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452Propylene Oxidation to PO
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Riermeier et al. 45550. catASium ®
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Riermeier et al. 457It is interesti
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Riermeier et al. 459Reaction of the
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Riermeier et al. 461References1. I.
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464 Chiral 2-Amino-1-Phenylethanolp
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466 Chiral 2-Amino-1-PhenylethanolI
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468 Chiral 2-Amino-1-Phenylethanola
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470 t-Butanol DehydrationResults an
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472 t-Butanol Dehydrationcomprises
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Pohlmann et al 47553. Leaching Resi
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Pohlmann et al 477this study. In th
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Pohlmann et al 479Experimental Sect
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482 Reductive AlkylationSince the p
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484 Reductive AlkylationTable 2. Re
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Wolf, Seebald and Tacke 48755. Acce
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Wolf, Seebald and Tacke 489100Norma
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Wolf, Seebald and Tacke 4911,88Figu
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Woods et al. 49356. Transition Meta
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Woods et al. 495Effect of oxidation
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Woods et al. 497
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Woods et al. 499removed the samples
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502 Electroreductive Catalytic Ullm
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504 Electroreductive Catalytic Ullm
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Catalysis of Organic Reactions 507A
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Catalysis of Organic Reactions 509K
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Catalysis of Organic Reactions 511T
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514 Keyword Indexcarboncarbon dioxi
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516 Keyword Indexethanolamine 16 13
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518 Keyword IndexNi, activated 25 2
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520 Keyword Indexsuccinimido ketone
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