Crop yield response to water - Cra

More documents

Recommendations

Info

figure 3 An example of the progress of green canopy cover through a crop life-cycle under non-stressconditions, for maize.MeasuredSimulated10080Canopy cover (%)60402000 20 40 60 80 100 120 140Days after planting (DAP)figure 4 Schematic representation of a generalized rooting depth with time, in the presence (dashed line)and absence (full line) of a restrictive soil layer limiting root development.SowingTransplantingTimeZnEffective rooting depth (Z)Z x (restrictive soil layer)Z xZ x = Maximum effective rooting depthZ n = Minimum effective rooting depthAqua<strong>Crop</strong>: concepts, rationale and operation 23
Page 3: Crop yieldresponse to waterFAOIRRIG
Page 16 and 17: 1. IntroductionFood production and
Page 21: Lead AuthorsMartin Smith(formerly F
Page 31: 3. Yield response to waterof herbac
Page 41: figure 5 Relationship (a) between a
Page 44: FIGURE 8 A soil profile with more t
Page 48: acclimation. The stress thresholds,
Page 51: selected with a tendency to set mor
Page 55: occupied by air in the root zone. T
Page 58 and 59: Care must be taken, however, to avo
Page 60: It should be emphasized that for te
Page 64: Users should change the first part
Page 71 and 72: conducted (and saved to disk) to re
Page 74 and 75: Applications related to agronomy an
Page 76 and 77: Box 2 (CONTINUED)A common soil for
Page 82 and 83:
• typical crops with representat
Page 84:
AQUACROP APPLICATIONS 69
Page 89 and 90:
Location and User Specific Paramete
Page 91:
eginning of flowering, to the begin
Page 96 and 97:
After LAI of the planting is estima
Page 98 and 99:
line portion of near constant slope
Page 100:
depletion) in AquaCrop. Depending o
Page 104:
3.4 Herbaceous cropsEditor:Theodore
Page 108 and 109:
with the lower densities being used
Page 110:
TAbLE 1Duration of the main phenolo
Page 114:
minimize water deficits during the
Page 119 and 120:
Lead AuthorBas A.M. Bouman(IRRI, Lo
Page 121:
historically grown under shifting c
Page 125:
and 6-8 tonne/ha in the wet season.
Page 130:
Figure 1 World maize harvested area
Page 133:
estricted transpiration rate. Contr
Page 136:
maize 121
Page 143 and 144:
can continue to grow after this. Ma
Page 145 and 146:
flowering. Irrigation during pod fi
Page 149 and 150:
Lead AuthorRoxana Savin(University
Page 151 and 152:
two cereals are scarce, one of the
Page 154 and 155:
the onset of stem elongation to the
Page 156:
ReferencesAbeledo, L.G., Calderini,
Page 160 and 161:
Figure 1 Typical developmental stag
Page 163 and 164:
15 °C, grain sorghum takes 250 to
Page 165 and 166:
at flowering would inhibit pollinat
Page 169 and 170:
Lead AuthorSteven R. Evett(USDA-ARS
Page 172 and 173:
Table 1Days for development stage b
Page 175 and 176:
from 0.65 to 1.3 tonne/ha for surfa
Page 179:
Lead AuthorsMargarita Garcia-Vila(U
Page 182 and 183:
genotypes to photoperiod is variabl
Page 184:
Irrigation practiceSunflower is gro
Page 190 and 191:
Figure 1 World sugarcane harvested
Page 192 and 193:
The stalk is composed of an immatur
Page 194:
Yield and harvest indexCommercial y
Page 199 and 200:
Lead AuthorRoberto Quiroz(CIP, Lima
Page 201 and 202:
quinoa, or vegetables as in the And
Page 203 and 204:
ecommended fertilization rates rang
Page 208 and 209:
Figure 1 World tomato harvested are
Page 210 and 211:
Tomato flowers develop from buds si
Page 212 and 213:
nil at EC e of 13 dS/m in some stud
Page 214:
TOMATO 199
Page 218 and 219:
Figure 1 World sugar beet harvested
Page 220 and 221:
TAbLE 1Phenology of sugar beet in s
Page 222 and 223:
thinning. As mentioned, excessive n
Page 224:
SUGAR BEET 209
Page 229:
death is mainly caused by competiti
Page 232 and 233:
y the requirement set by transpirat
Page 234:
ReferencesAsseng, S. & Hsiao, T.C.
Page 238 and 239:
Figure 1 World bambara groundnut ha
Page 240 and 241:
temperatures clearly influence repr
Page 242:
BAMBARA GROUNDNUT 227
Page 245 and 246:
Lead AuthorSam Geerts(KU Leuven Uni
Page 247 and 248:
physiological maturity varies betwe
Page 249 and 250:
(Bertero et al., 2000; Jacobsen and
Page 253 and 254:
Lead AuthorAlemtsehay Tsegay(Mekell
Page 255 and 256:
about 55 days or more after plantin
Page 257 and 258:
Hirut, K., Johnson, R.C. & Ferris,
Page 260 and 261:
Yield response to waterof fruit tre
Page 262:
techniques; d) relations between yi
Page 267 and 268:
has been such that wherever farmers
Page 269 and 270:
tasted better than those from fully
Page 271 and 272:
The orchard ET processThe ET c from
Page 274:
The model AquaCrop computes E for t
Page 277 and 278:
(8) Tr cc = K cc ET o f ccWhere, f
Page 279 and 280:
ox 5 (CONTINUED)F 2 VALUES (Norther
Page 281 and 282:
ox 6 Examples for determining ET of
Page 283 and 284:
Determining irrigation requirements
Page 285 and 286:
ox 8 Spatial relation between the d
Page 287 and 288:
accurately determine volumetric soi
Page 289 and 290:
ox 10 This page: Examples of the di
Page 291 and 292:
ox 11 Reference values of stem-wate
Page 293 and 294:
A major advantage of the canopy tem
Page 295 and 296:
The water budget technique is very
Page 297 and 298:
high sensitivity level, as discusse
Page 299 and 300:
of crop responses to water deficits
Page 301 and 302:
ox 18 Generalized relationships bet
Page 303 and 304:
ox 19 (CONTINUED)(b) In the second
Page 306 and 307:
Figure 12Patterns of seasonal appli
Page 308 and 309:
figure 14Response of an almond orch
Page 310:
Additional ReadingFollowing are a n
Page 314 and 315:
Lead AuthorSRiccardo Gucci,(Univers
Page 316 and 317:
in the first years of production (t
Page 318:
Because olives flower late, the ris
Page 321 and 322:
Table 1b Summary of recommended oli
Page 323 and 324:
Table 2 Relative yield and gross re
Page 325 and 326:
Figure 5Hypothetical seasonal cours
Page 327:
ReferencesAngelopulos, K., Dichio,
Page 331 and 332:
Early vegetative and reproductive g
Page 333 and 334:
Summer stressDuring this period of
Page 335 and 336:
almond had its highest Gl of close
Page 337:
Water Production FunctionsThe two p
Page 340 and 341:
Figure 3aCrop-water production func
Page 342:
Goldhamer, D. A. & Salinas, M. 2000
Page 345 and 346:
Figure 1 Production trends for appl
Page 347 and 348:
division, and that limitation of po
Page 349:
oth irrigation level and crop load.
Page 352 and 353:
Figure 6Seasonal reference ET o cro
Page 354 and 355:
Figure 8 Water production function
Page 356 and 357:
Table 2 Apple orchard water require
Page 359 and 360:
Lead AuthorSDiego S. Intrigliolo,Ju
Page 361 and 362:
The fruit with fleshy pericarp is c
Page 363 and 364:
Figure 2 Relationships between aver
Page 365 and 366:
Suggested Deficit Irrigation Strate
Page 368 and 369:
Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
Page 370 and 371:
Early Vegetative and Reproductive g
Page 372 and 373:
The research results on preharvest
Page 374 and 375:
Much less work has been done on the
Page 376 and 377:
Figure 5 shows that with mild defic
Page 378 and 379:
FIGURE 6Relationships between appli
Page 380 and 381:
Table 2 Irrigation management, yiel
Page 382 and 383:
Table 3 Suggested RDI strategies fo
Page 385 and 386:
Lead AuthorJordi Marsal(IRTA, Lleid
Page 387 and 388:
Figure 2Reproductive growth of pear
Page 389 and 390:
Figure 3Effects of postharvest irri
Page 391 and 392:
Table 1Crop coefficients relative t
Page 393 and 394:
same cultivar but used in Italy and
Page 395 and 396:
notice that this was the case for B
Page 397 and 398:
REFERENCESAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
Page 400 and 401:
Lead AuthorSJoan Girona(IRTA, Lleid
Page 402 and 403:
Description of the stages of develo
Page 404 and 405:
Figure 3(a): Relationship between a
Page 406 and 407:
several others since that time have
Page 408 and 409:
BOXDetecting water stress in peachA
Page 410 and 411:
Water RequirementsThe water use rat
Page 412 and 413:
Figure 6Relation between relative y
Page 414 and 415:
Johnson, R.S. & Phene, B.C. 2008. F
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
production recovery from severe wat
Page 422 and 423:
Page 424 and 425:
Description of the stages of develo
Page 426 and 427:
used to collect the nuts, which are
Page 428 and 429:
yield of marketable product (split
Page 430 and 431:
Figure 4Total tree nut load for tre
Page 433 and 434:
Figure 6Production function develop
Page 435:
ReferencesAydın, Y. 2004. The effe
Page 438 and 439:
Figure 1 Production trends for apri
Page 440 and 441:
Responses to Water DeficitsIn areas
Page 442 and 443:
Figure 4Apricot (cv. Búlida) shoot
Page 444:
apricot 439
Page 447 and 448:
Figure 1 Production trends for avoc
Page 449 and 450:
Stem-water potential (SWP) values a
Page 451:
ReferencesFaber, B., Apaia, M. & M.
Page 454 and 455:
Figure 1 Production trends for swee
Page 456 and 457:
Figure 4Daily patterns of sunlit le
Page 458 and 459:
season (Marsal, 2010). However, the
Page 460:
sweet CHERRY 457
Page 464 and 465:
Figure 1 Grape production between 1
Page 466 and 467:
Table 1Key vegetative and reproduct
Page 468 and 469:
Figure 3Plasticity of flowering of
Page 470 and 471:
In common with most crops, tissue e
Page 472 and 473:
minimal4season 1 (l h -1 )4eason 1
Page 474 and 475:
Table 4Yield, fruit sugar concentra
Page 476 and 477:
Figure 10Negative associations betw
Page 478 and 479:
Table 5Sensory evaluation of experi
Page 480 and 481:
FIGURE 14Seasonal dynamics of crop
Page 482:
Box 2 Crop and soil measurements to
Page 486 and 487:
ReferencesAlmenberg, J. & Dreber, A
Page 488:
Petrie, P.R. & Sadras, V.O. 2008. A
Page 492 and 493:
Figure 1 Production trends for kiwi
Page 494 and 495:
Figure 3Evolution of the LAI in A.
Page 496 and 497:
Figure 7Schematic representation of
Page 498 and 499:
water content is high enough to avo
Page 500 and 501:
REFERENCESClearwater, M.J., Lowe, R
Page 502 and 503:
attention to rough estimations or a
Page 504 and 505:
FAO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PAPERS1
show all

Crop yield response to water - Cra

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?