Crop yield response to water - Cra

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ReferencesAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S., Raes, D. & Smith, M. 1998. Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop waterrequirements. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper 56. Rome, FAO pp.15-27.Battilani, A. 2004. Regulated deficit irrigation. Effects on growth and yield of plum trees. Acta Horticulturae.664:55-62.Chootummatat, V., Turner, D.W. & Cripps, J.V.E. 1990. Water use of plum trees (Prunus salicina) trained to fourcanopy arrangements. Scientia Horticulturae, 43:255-271.DeJong, T.M. & Goudriaan, J. 1989. Modelling peach fruit growth and carbohydrate requirements: reevaluation ofthe double-sigmoid pattern. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 114:800–804.FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database, available at link http://faostat.fao.org/. Accessed on December 2011.Goldhamer, D.A., Sibbett, D.S., Phene, R.C. & Katayama, D.G. 1994. Early irrigation cutoff has little effect onFrench prune production. California Agriculture, 48:13-17.Hendrickson, A.H. & Veihmeyer, F.J. 1945. Some effects of irrigation on the interrelations of growth, yields anddrying ratios of French prunes. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, 46:187–190.Intrigliolo, D.S. & Castel, J.R. 2005. Effects of regulated deficit irrigation on growth and yield in young Japaneseplum. Journal Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 80:177–182.Intrigliolo, D.S. & Castel, J.R. 2006a. Performance of various water stress indicators for prediction of fruit sizeresponse to deficit irrigation in plum. Agricultural Water Management, 83:173-180.Intrigliolo, D.S. & Castel, J.R. 2006b. Usefulness of diurnal trunk shrinkage as a water stress indicator in plumtrees. Tree Physiology, 26:303-311.Intrigliolo, D.S. & Castel, J.R. 2007. Crop load affects maximum daily trunk shrinkage of plum trees. Tree Physiology,27:89-96.Intrigliolo, D.S. & Castel, J.R. 2010. Response of plum trees to deficit irrigation under two crop levels. Tree growth,yield and fruit quality. Irrigation Science, 28:525-534.Johnson, R.S, Handley, D.F. & Day, K.R. 1994. Postharvest water stress of an early maturing plum. JournalHorticultural Science, 69:1035–1041.Johnson, R.S. & Handley, D.F. 2000. Using water stress to control vegetative growth and productivity of temperatefruit trees. Horticultural Science, 69:1048–1050.Lampinen, B.D., Shackel, K.A., Southwick, S.M., Olson, B. & Yeager, J.T. 1995. Sensitivity of yield and fruit qualityof French prune to water deprivation at different fruit growth stages. Journal of the American Society forHorticultural Science, 120:139–147.Lampinen, B.D., Shackel, K.A., Southwick, S.M. & Olson, B. 2001. Deficit irrigation strategies using midday stemwaterpotential in prune. Irrigation Science, 20:47-54.Milad, R.E. & Shackel, K.A. 1992. Water relations of fruit end cracking in French prune. Journal of the AmericanSociety for Horticultural Science,117:824–828.Naor, A. 2004. The interactions of soil- and stem-water potentials with crop level, fruit size and stomatalconductance of field-grown ‘Black Amber’ Japanese plum. Journal Horticultural Science & Biotechnology,79:273–280.Naor, A., Peres, M., Greenblat, Y., Gal, Y. & Ben Arie, R. 2004. Effects of preharvest irrigation regime and croplevel on yield, fruit size distribution and fruit quality of field-grown ‘Black Amber’ Japanese plum. JournalHorticultural Science & Biotechnology, 79:281–288.Uriu, K., Hansen, C.J. & Smith, J.J. 1962. The cracking of prunes in relation to irrigation. Proceedings of theAmerican Society for Horticultural Science, 80:211–219.Westwood, M.N. 1993. Temperate-zone pomology: physiology and culture. Third Edition. USA, Portland, Oregon,Timber Press, pp 523.PLUM 355
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Crop yieldresponse to waterFAOIRRIG
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1. IntroductionFood production and
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Lead AuthorsMartin Smith(formerly F
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3. Yield response to waterof herbac
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The WP parameter introduced in Aqua
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figure 7 The root zone depicted as
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threshold and 1.0 at the lower thre
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also calculated by multiplying with
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FIGURE 14 Schematic representation
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figure 17ClimateInput data defining
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Table 1 Conservative crop parameter
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figure 18 The Main AquaCrop menu.di
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Applications to Irrigation Manageme
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Box 1 Simulating deficit irrigation
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for each planting date. If there ar
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ox 2 (CONTINUED)FIGURE 1 Difference
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Heng, L.K., Hsiao,T.C., Evett, S.,
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Table 2Additional information and d
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capacity (FC) and permanent wilting
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densities. This range is referred t
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Table 3Comparison of simulated with
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In Equation 3 C a is the mean air C
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REFERENCESAllen, R., Pereira, L., R
Page 107 and 108:
Lead AuthorSenthold Asseng(formerly
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Figure 1 World wheat harvested area
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When nutrition is limiting, yield p
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wheat 101
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Figure 1 World rice harvested area
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Response to StressesBecause rice ev
Page 129 and 130:
Lead AuthorTheodore C. Hsiao(Univer
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emergence to flowering is about 65
Page 135 and 136:
ReferencesAyers, R.S. & Westcot, D.
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Figure 1 World soybean harvested ar
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A number of studies indicate that s
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ReferencesBhatia, V.S., Piara Singh
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Figure 1 World barley harvested are
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Barley development may be thought o
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The seasonal water requirements for
Page 159 and 160:
Lead AuthorSuhas P. Wani(ICRISAT, A
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sowing usually starts in late Septe
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loss. If water stress is severe eno
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ReferencesFAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online
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Figure 1 World cotton harvested are
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Response to StressesCotton stands o
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FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database,
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spring. In double cropping, sowing
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size as affected by soil water defi
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sunflower 171
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to produce energy (electricity from
Page 193 and 194:
Response to stressLow temperatureSu
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Sugarcane 181
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Figure 1 World potato harvested are
Page 202 and 203:
initiation, vigorous canopy, profus
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ReferencesBradshaw, J.E. 2009. A ge
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Tomato requires soils with proper w
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and there is frequent wetting of ex
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is so excessive that fruit setting
Page 217 and 218:
Lead AuthorsMichele Rinaldi(CRA, Ba
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North Africa and near East ranges f
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Water use & ProductivitySugar beets
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ReferencesAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
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Figure 1 Alfalfa harvested area (SA
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Water use & ProductivityAs a perenn
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SalinityAlfalfa is tolerant to rela
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Lead AuthorAsha Karunaratne(formerl
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Generally, the growing season begin
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FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database,
Page 244 and 245:
*Flower and grain colour presented
Page 246 and 247:
Figure 1 World quinoa harvested are
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with typical values around 10.5 g/m
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ReferencesAlvarez-Jubete, L., Arend
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Growth and developmentThe common me
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soils (EARO, 2002). Tef has some to
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tef 243
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Lead AuthorsElias Fereres(Universit
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equirements per unit land area for
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figure 6 The water balance of an or
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ox 2 Understanding the transpiratio
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Orchard transpirationTree Tr is det
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ox 4 Sample calculation of E dz , E
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ox 5 Computing olive tree transpira
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FIGURE 10 Crop coefficient (K c ) c
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For training systems on a vertical
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ox 7Consumptive and non-consumptive
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are seeking more precision in their
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ox 9 Examples of soil water monitor
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ox 10 (CONTINUED)The major limitati
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ox 12Definition of CWSI and an exam
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The water budget methodWith this me
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ox 15 Evolution of soil water under
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opening and photosynthesis relative
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that occur during the periods of fr
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The crop, where price can vary more
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Modify horticultural practicesPruni
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FIGURE 13Comparison of yield per un
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season. Thus the risks of salinity
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4.1 Fruit trees and vinesEditor:Eli
Page 315 and 316: Figure 1 Production trends for oliv
Page 317 and 318: Figure 2Occurrence and duration of
Page 320 and 321: The use of displacement sensors to
Page 322 and 323: Figure 4 Relationship between relat
Page 324 and 325: Table 3 Sample calculation of month
Page 326 and 327: clayey soils. If supply is very lim
Page 329: Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
Page 332 and 333: Fruit growth during this stage is t
Page 334 and 335: Season-long stressSeveral studies h
Page 336 and 337: Table 1Published monthly crop coeff
Page 339 and 340: Four crop-water-production function
Page 341 and 342: size distribution toward more favou
Page 344 and 345: Lead AuthorSAmos Naor(GRI, Universi
Page 346 and 347: Apples tend to have a biennial bear
Page 348 and 349: water stress and thus highly respon
Page 351 and 352: indicate that deficit irrigation ad
Page 353 and 354: Figure 7Effect of midday light inte
Page 355 and 356: Figure 10Response of marketable fru
Page 357: Failla, O., Zocchi, Z., Treccani, C
Page 360 and 361: Figure 1 Production trends for plum
Page 362 and 363: soil water. In young orchards, post
Page 364 and 365: Figure 3 Relationships between rela
Page 368 and 369: Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
Page 370 and 371: Early Vegetative and Reproductive g
Page 372 and 373: The research results on preharvest
Page 374 and 375: Much less work has been done on the
Page 376 and 377: Figure 5 shows that with mild defic
Page 378 and 379: FIGURE 6Relationships between appli
Page 380 and 381: Table 2 Irrigation management, yiel
Page 382 and 383: Table 3 Suggested RDI strategies fo
Page 385 and 386: Lead AuthorJordi Marsal(IRTA, Lleid
Page 387 and 388: Figure 2Reproductive growth of pear
Page 389 and 390: Figure 3Effects of postharvest irri
Page 391 and 392: Table 1Crop coefficients relative t
Page 393 and 394: same cultivar but used in Italy and
Page 395 and 396: notice that this was the case for B
Page 397 and 398: REFERENCESAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
Page 400 and 401: Lead AuthorSJoan Girona(IRTA, Lleid
Page 402 and 403: Description of the stages of develo
Page 404 and 405: Figure 3(a): Relationship between a
Page 406 and 407: several others since that time have
Page 408 and 409: BOXDetecting water stress in peachA
Page 410 and 411: Water RequirementsThe water use rat
Page 412 and 413: Figure 6Relation between relative y
Page 414 and 415: Johnson, R.S. & Phene, B.C. 2008. F
Page 417 and 418:
Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
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production recovery from severe wat
Page 422 and 423:
Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
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Description of the stages of develo
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used to collect the nuts, which are
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yield of marketable product (split
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Figure 4Total tree nut load for tre
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Figure 6Production function develop
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ReferencesAydın, Y. 2004. The effe
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Figure 1 Production trends for apri
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Responses to Water DeficitsIn areas
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Figure 4Apricot (cv. Búlida) shoot
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apricot 439
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Figure 1 Production trends for avoc
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Stem-water potential (SWP) values a
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ReferencesFaber, B., Apaia, M. & M.
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Figure 1 Production trends for swee
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Figure 4Daily patterns of sunlit le
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season (Marsal, 2010). However, the
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sweet CHERRY 457
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Figure 1 Grape production between 1
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Table 1Key vegetative and reproduct
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Figure 3Plasticity of flowering of
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In common with most crops, tissue e
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minimal4season 1 (l h -1 )4eason 1
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Table 4Yield, fruit sugar concentra
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Figure 10Negative associations betw
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Table 5Sensory evaluation of experi
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FIGURE 14Seasonal dynamics of crop
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Box 2 Crop and soil measurements to
Page 486 and 487:
ReferencesAlmenberg, J. & Dreber, A
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Petrie, P.R. & Sadras, V.O. 2008. A
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Figure 1 Production trends for kiwi
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Figure 3Evolution of the LAI in A.
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Figure 7Schematic representation of
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water content is high enough to avo
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REFERENCESClearwater, M.J., Lowe, R
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attention to rough estimations or a
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FAO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PAPERS1
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