Crop yield response to water - Cra

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Goldhamer, D. A. & Salinas, M. 2000. Evaluation of regulated deficit irrigation on mature orange trees grown underhigh evaporative demand. In: Proceedings of the International Society of Citriculture IX Congress. Orlando, FL.December 3-7, 2000: 227-231.Goldhamer, D. A. 2007. Regulated deficit irrigation of trees and vines in Agricultural Water Management.In: Proceedings of a Workshop in Tunisia (Series: Strengthening science-based decision making in developingcountries), L. Holliday, ed. National Research Council of The National Academies, Washington, DC, NationalAcademies Press, pp. 70-80.Gonzalez-Altozano, P. & Castel, J. R. 1999. Regulated deficit irrigation in ‘Clementina de Nules’ citrus trees. I. Yieldand fruit quality effects. Journal of Horticultural Science & Biotechnology, 74(6):706-713.Grieve, A. M. 1989. Water use efficiency, nutrient uptake and productivity of micro-irrigated citrus. AustralianJournal of Experimental Agriculture, 29(1):111-118.Grismer, M. E. 2000. Long-term evapotranspiration from coastal avocado/citrus orchard. Journal of Irrigation andDrainage Engineering, 126(1):1-7.Hilgeman, R. H. & Sharp F. O. 1970. Response of ‘Valencia’ orange trees to four soil water schedules during 20 years.Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 95(6):739-745.Hoffman, G. J., Oster, J. D. & Alves, W. J. 1982. Evapotranspiration of mature orange trees under drip irrigation in anarid climate. Transactions of the ASAE (American Society of Agricultural Engineers), 25(4): 992-996.Kalma, J. D. & Stanhill, G. 1969. Transpiration, evaporation and deep drainage losses from an orange plantation.Israel Journal of Agricultural Research, 19(1):11-24.Mantell, A. 1977. Water use efficiency of citrus: room for improvement? In: Proceedings of the International SocietyCitriculture 1: 74-79.Melgar, J.C., Dunlop, J.M., Albrigo, L.G. & Syverstsen, J.P. 2010. Winter Drought Stress Can Delay Flowering andAvoid Immature Fruit Loss during Late-season Mechanical Harvesting of 'Valencia' Oranges. Horticultural Science,45(2) 271-276.Meyer, W.S. & Green, G.C. 1981. Comparison of stomatal action of orange, soybean, and wheat under fieldconditions. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 8:65-76Moreshet, S., Cohen, Y. & Fuchs, M. 1983. Response of mature Shamouti orange trees to irrigation of different soilvolumes at similar levels of available water. Irrigation Science 3(4): 223-236.Pérez-Pérez, J.G., Romero, P. Navarro, J.M. & Botía, P. 2007. Response of sweet orange cv. ‘Lane late’ to deficitirrigationstrategy in two rootstocks. II: Flowering, fruit growth, yield and fruit quality. Irrigation Science 26:519-529.Van Bavel, C. H. M., Newman, J. E. & Hilgeman, R. H. 1967. Climate and estimated water use by an orange orchard.Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 4:27-37.Villalobos, F.J., Testi, L. & Moreno-Pérez, M.F. 2009. Evaporation and canopy conductance of citrus orchards.Agricultural Water Management, 96 (4): 565-573.Wiegand, C.L. & Swanson, W.A. 1982. Citrus responses to irrigation. II. Fruit yield, size, and number. Journal RioGrande Valley Horticultural Society 35: 87-96.CITRUS 329
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Crop yieldresponse to waterFAOIRRIG
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1. IntroductionFood production and
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Lead AuthorsMartin Smith(formerly F
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3. Yield response to waterof herbac
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The WP parameter introduced in Aqua
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figure 7 The root zone depicted as
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threshold and 1.0 at the lower thre
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also calculated by multiplying with
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FIGURE 14 Schematic representation
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figure 17ClimateInput data defining
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Table 1 Conservative crop parameter
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figure 18 The Main AquaCrop menu.di
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Applications to Irrigation Manageme
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Box 1 Simulating deficit irrigation
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for each planting date. If there ar
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ox 2 (CONTINUED)FIGURE 1 Difference
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Heng, L.K., Hsiao,T.C., Evett, S.,
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Table 2Additional information and d
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capacity (FC) and permanent wilting
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densities. This range is referred t
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Table 3Comparison of simulated with
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In Equation 3 C a is the mean air C
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REFERENCESAllen, R., Pereira, L., R
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Lead AuthorSenthold Asseng(formerly
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Figure 1 World wheat harvested area
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When nutrition is limiting, yield p
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wheat 101
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Figure 1 World rice harvested area
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Response to StressesBecause rice ev
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Lead AuthorTheodore C. Hsiao(Univer
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emergence to flowering is about 65
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ReferencesAyers, R.S. & Westcot, D.
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Figure 1 World soybean harvested ar
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A number of studies indicate that s
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ReferencesBhatia, V.S., Piara Singh
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Figure 1 World barley harvested are
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Barley development may be thought o
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The seasonal water requirements for
Page 159 and 160:
Lead AuthorSuhas P. Wani(ICRISAT, A
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sowing usually starts in late Septe
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loss. If water stress is severe eno
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ReferencesFAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online
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Figure 1 World cotton harvested are
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Response to StressesCotton stands o
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FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database,
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spring. In double cropping, sowing
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size as affected by soil water defi
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sunflower 171
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to produce energy (electricity from
Page 193 and 194:
Response to stressLow temperatureSu
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Sugarcane 181
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Figure 1 World potato harvested are
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initiation, vigorous canopy, profus
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ReferencesBradshaw, J.E. 2009. A ge
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Tomato requires soils with proper w
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and there is frequent wetting of ex
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is so excessive that fruit setting
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Lead AuthorsMichele Rinaldi(CRA, Ba
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North Africa and near East ranges f
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Water use & ProductivitySugar beets
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ReferencesAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
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Figure 1 Alfalfa harvested area (SA
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Water use & ProductivityAs a perenn
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SalinityAlfalfa is tolerant to rela
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Lead AuthorAsha Karunaratne(formerl
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Generally, the growing season begin
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FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database,
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*Flower and grain colour presented
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Figure 1 World quinoa harvested are
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with typical values around 10.5 g/m
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ReferencesAlvarez-Jubete, L., Arend
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Growth and developmentThe common me
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soils (EARO, 2002). Tef has some to
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tef 243
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Lead AuthorsElias Fereres(Universit
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equirements per unit land area for
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figure 6 The water balance of an or
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ox 2 Understanding the transpiratio
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Orchard transpirationTree Tr is det
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ox 4 Sample calculation of E dz , E
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ox 5 Computing olive tree transpira
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FIGURE 10 Crop coefficient (K c ) c
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For training systems on a vertical
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ox 7Consumptive and non-consumptive
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are seeking more precision in their
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ox 9 Examples of soil water monitor
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ox 10 (CONTINUED)The major limitati
Page 292 and 293: ox 12Definition of CWSI and an exam
Page 294 and 295: The water budget methodWith this me
Page 296 and 297: ox 15 Evolution of soil water under
Page 298 and 299: opening and photosynthesis relative
Page 300 and 301: that occur during the periods of fr
Page 302 and 303: The crop, where price can vary more
Page 304: Modify horticultural practicesPruni
Page 307 and 308: FIGURE 13Comparison of yield per un
Page 309 and 310: season. Thus the risks of salinity
Page 312: 4.1 Fruit trees and vinesEditor:Eli
Page 315 and 316: Figure 1 Production trends for oliv
Page 317 and 318: Figure 2Occurrence and duration of
Page 320 and 321: The use of displacement sensors to
Page 322 and 323: Figure 4 Relationship between relat
Page 324 and 325: Table 3 Sample calculation of month
Page 326 and 327: clayey soils. If supply is very lim
Page 329: Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
Page 332 and 333: Fruit growth during this stage is t
Page 334 and 335: Season-long stressSeveral studies h
Page 336 and 337: Table 1Published monthly crop coeff
Page 339 and 340: Four crop-water-production function
Page 341: size distribution toward more favou
Page 345 and 346: Figure 1 Production trends for appl
Page 347 and 348: division, and that limitation of po
Page 349: oth irrigation level and crop load.
Page 352 and 353: Figure 6Seasonal reference ET o cro
Page 354 and 355: Figure 8 Water production function
Page 356 and 357: Table 2 Apple orchard water require
Page 359 and 360: Lead AuthorSDiego S. Intrigliolo,Ju
Page 361 and 362: The fruit with fleshy pericarp is c
Page 363 and 364: Figure 2 Relationships between aver
Page 365 and 366: Suggested Deficit Irrigation Strate
Page 368 and 369: Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
Page 370 and 371: Early Vegetative and Reproductive g
Page 372 and 373: The research results on preharvest
Page 374 and 375: Much less work has been done on the
Page 376 and 377: Figure 5 shows that with mild defic
Page 378 and 379: FIGURE 6Relationships between appli
Page 380 and 381: Table 2 Irrigation management, yiel
Page 382 and 383: Table 3 Suggested RDI strategies fo
Page 385 and 386: Lead AuthorJordi Marsal(IRTA, Lleid
Page 387 and 388: Figure 2Reproductive growth of pear
Page 389 and 390: Figure 3Effects of postharvest irri
Page 391 and 392: Table 1Crop coefficients relative t
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same cultivar but used in Italy and
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notice that this was the case for B
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REFERENCESAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
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Lead AuthorSJoan Girona(IRTA, Lleid
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Description of the stages of develo
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Figure 3(a): Relationship between a
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several others since that time have
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BOXDetecting water stress in peachA
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Water RequirementsThe water use rat
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Figure 6Relation between relative y
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Johnson, R.S. & Phene, B.C. 2008. F
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Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
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production recovery from severe wat
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Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
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Description of the stages of develo
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used to collect the nuts, which are
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yield of marketable product (split
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Figure 4Total tree nut load for tre
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Figure 6Production function develop
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ReferencesAydın, Y. 2004. The effe
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Figure 1 Production trends for apri
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Responses to Water DeficitsIn areas
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Figure 4Apricot (cv. Búlida) shoot
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apricot 439
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Figure 1 Production trends for avoc
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Stem-water potential (SWP) values a
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ReferencesFaber, B., Apaia, M. & M.
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Figure 1 Production trends for swee
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Figure 4Daily patterns of sunlit le
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season (Marsal, 2010). However, the
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sweet CHERRY 457
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Figure 1 Grape production between 1
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Table 1Key vegetative and reproduct
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Figure 3Plasticity of flowering of
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In common with most crops, tissue e
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minimal4season 1 (l h -1 )4eason 1
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Table 4Yield, fruit sugar concentra
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Figure 10Negative associations betw
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Table 5Sensory evaluation of experi
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FIGURE 14Seasonal dynamics of crop
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Box 2 Crop and soil measurements to
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ReferencesAlmenberg, J. & Dreber, A
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Petrie, P.R. & Sadras, V.O. 2008. A
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Figure 1 Production trends for kiwi
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Figure 3Evolution of the LAI in A.
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Figure 7Schematic representation of
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water content is high enough to avo
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REFERENCESClearwater, M.J., Lowe, R
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attention to rough estimations or a
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