Crop yield response to water - Cra

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ReferencesAlvarez-Jubete, L., Arendt, E.K., Gallagher, E. 2009. Nutritive value of pseudocereals and their increasing use asfunctional gluten-free ingredients. Trends in Food Science & Technology 21: 106-113.Bertero, H.D. 2003. Response of Developmental Processes to Temperature and Photoperiod in Quinoa (Chenopodiumquinoa Willd.). Food Reviews International 19, 87-97.Bertero, H.D., King, R.W. & Hall, A.J. 2000. Photoperiod and temperature effects on the rate of leaf appearance inquinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Australian Journal of Plant Physiology 27, 349-356.Bois, J.F., Winkel, T., Lhomme, J.P., Raffaillac, J.P. & Rocheteau, A. 2006. Response of some Andean cultivars ofquinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to temperature: Effects on germination, phenology, growth and freezing.European Journal of Agronomy 25, 299-308.Bosque-Sanchez, H., Lemeur, R., Van Damme, P. & Jacobsen, S.E. 2003. Ecophysiological analysis of drought andsalinity stress of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Food Reviews International 19: 111–119.Christiansen, J.L., Jacobsen, S.-E. & Jørgensen, S. T. 2010. Photoperiodic effect on flowering and seed developmentin quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science, 1-6.FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database, available at link http://faostat.fao.org/. Accessed on December 2011.Geerts, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M., Vacher, J., Mamani, R., Mendoza, J., Huanca, R., Morales, B., Miranda, R., Cusicanqui,J. & Taboada, C. 2008a. Introducing deficit irrigation to stablize yields of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.).European Journal of Agronomy 28, 427-436.Geerts, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M., Condori, O., Mamani, J., Miranda, R., Cusicanqui, J., Taboada, C. & Vacher, J. 2008b.Could deficit irrigation be a sustainable practice for quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in the Southern BolivianAltiplano? Agricultural Water Management 95, 909-917.Geerts, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M., Mendoza, J. & Huanca, R. 2008c. Indicators to quantify the flexible phenology ofquinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) in response to drought stress. Field Crops Research 108, 150-156.Geerts, S., Raes, D., Garcia, M., Taboada, C., Miranda, R., Cusicanqui, J., Mhizha, T. & Vacher, J. 2009. Modellingthe potential for closing quinoa yield gaps under varying water availability in the Bolivian Altiplano. AgriculturalWater Management 96, 1652-1658.Jacobsen, S.-E. & A.P. Bach. 1998. The influence of temperature on seed germination rate in quinoa (Chenopodiumquinoa Willd.). Seed Science and Technology 26, 515-523.Jacobsen, S.E., Mujica, A. & Jensen, C.R. 2003. The Resistance of Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoaWilld.) to AdverseAbiotic Factors. Food Reviews International 19, 99-109.Jacobsen, S.-E., Monteros, C., Christiansen, J.L., Bravo, L.A., Corcuera, L.J. & Mujica, A. 2005. Plant responses ofquinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) to frost at various phenological stages. European Journal of Agronomy 22,131-139.Jacobsen, S.-E., Liu, F. & Jensen, C.R. 2009. Does root-sourced ABA play a role for regulation of stomata underdrought in quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.). Scientia Horticulturae 122, 281-287.Mastebroek, H.D., Limburg, H., Gilles, T. & Marvin, H.J.P. 2000. Occurrence of sapogenins in leaves and seeds ofquinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80(1): 152-156.Oelke, E.A., Putnam, D.H., Teynor, D.M. & Oplinger, E.S. 1992. Alternative field crops manual–quinoa. USA, Universityof Purdue.Rojas, W. 2003. Multivariate Analysis of Genetic Diversity of Bolivian Quinoa Germplasm. Food Reviews International19, 9-23.Schulte auf'm Erley, G., Kaul, H.-P., Kruse, M. & Aufhammer, W. 2005. Yield and nitrogen utilization efficiency ofthe pseudocereals amaranth, quinoa, and buckwheat under differing nitrogen fertilization. European Journal ofAgronomy 22, 95-100.Winkel, T., Lhomme, J. P., Nina Laura, J.P., Mamani Alcon, C., del Castillo, C., Rocheteau, A. 2009. Assessing theprotective effect of vertically heterogeneous canopies against radiative frost: The case of quinoa on the AndeanAltiplano. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology, 149, 1759-1768.Quinoa 235
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Crop yieldresponse to waterFAOIRRIG
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1. IntroductionFood production and
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Lead AuthorsMartin Smith(formerly F
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3. Yield response to waterof herbac
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The WP parameter introduced in Aqua
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figure 7 The root zone depicted as
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threshold and 1.0 at the lower thre
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also calculated by multiplying with
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FIGURE 14 Schematic representation
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figure 17ClimateInput data defining
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Table 1 Conservative crop parameter
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figure 18 The Main AquaCrop menu.di
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Applications to Irrigation Manageme
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Box 1 Simulating deficit irrigation
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for each planting date. If there ar
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ox 2 (CONTINUED)FIGURE 1 Difference
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Heng, L.K., Hsiao,T.C., Evett, S.,
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Table 2Additional information and d
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capacity (FC) and permanent wilting
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densities. This range is referred t
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Table 3Comparison of simulated with
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In Equation 3 C a is the mean air C
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REFERENCESAllen, R., Pereira, L., R
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Lead AuthorSenthold Asseng(formerly
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Figure 1 World wheat harvested area
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When nutrition is limiting, yield p
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wheat 101
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Figure 1 World rice harvested area
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Response to StressesBecause rice ev
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Lead AuthorTheodore C. Hsiao(Univer
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emergence to flowering is about 65
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ReferencesAyers, R.S. & Westcot, D.
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Figure 1 World soybean harvested ar
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A number of studies indicate that s
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ReferencesBhatia, V.S., Piara Singh
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Figure 1 World barley harvested are
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Barley development may be thought o
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The seasonal water requirements for
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Lead AuthorSuhas P. Wani(ICRISAT, A
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sowing usually starts in late Septe
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loss. If water stress is severe eno
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ReferencesFAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online
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Figure 1 World cotton harvested are
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Response to StressesCotton stands o
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FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database,
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spring. In double cropping, sowing
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size as affected by soil water defi
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sunflower 171
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to produce energy (electricity from
Page 193 and 194:
Response to stressLow temperatureSu
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Sugarcane 181
Page 200 and 201: Figure 1 World potato harvested are
Page 202 and 203: initiation, vigorous canopy, profus
Page 204: ReferencesBradshaw, J.E. 2009. A ge
Page 209 and 210: Tomato requires soils with proper w
Page 211 and 212: and there is frequent wetting of ex
Page 213 and 214: is so excessive that fruit setting
Page 217 and 218: Lead AuthorsMichele Rinaldi(CRA, Ba
Page 219 and 220: North Africa and near East ranges f
Page 221 and 222: Water use & ProductivitySugar beets
Page 223 and 224: ReferencesAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
Page 228 and 229: Figure 1 Alfalfa harvested area (SA
Page 231 and 232: Water use & ProductivityAs a perenn
Page 233 and 234: SalinityAlfalfa is tolerant to rela
Page 237 and 238: Lead AuthorAsha Karunaratne(formerl
Page 239 and 240: Generally, the growing season begin
Page 241 and 242: FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database,
Page 244 and 245: *Flower and grain colour presented
Page 246 and 247: Figure 1 World quinoa harvested are
Page 248 and 249: with typical values around 10.5 g/m
Page 253 and 254: Lead AuthorAlemtsehay Tsegay(Mekell
Page 255 and 256: about 55 days or more after plantin
Page 257 and 258: Hirut, K., Johnson, R.C. & Ferris,
Page 260 and 261: Yield response to waterof fruit tre
Page 262: techniques; d) relations between yi
Page 267 and 268: has been such that wherever farmers
Page 269 and 270: tasted better than those from fully
Page 271 and 272: The orchard ET processThe ET c from
Page 274: The model AquaCrop computes E for t
Page 277 and 278: (8) Tr cc = K cc ET o f ccWhere, f
Page 279 and 280: ox 5 (CONTINUED)F 2 VALUES (Norther
Page 281 and 282: ox 6 Examples for determining ET of
Page 283 and 284: Determining irrigation requirements
Page 285 and 286: ox 8 Spatial relation between the d
Page 287 and 288: accurately determine volumetric soi
Page 289 and 290: ox 10 This page: Examples of the di
Page 291 and 292: ox 11 Reference values of stem-wate
Page 293 and 294: A major advantage of the canopy tem
Page 295 and 296: The water budget technique is very
Page 297 and 298: high sensitivity level, as discusse
Page 299 and 300: of crop responses to water deficits
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ox 18 Generalized relationships bet
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ox 19 (CONTINUED)(b) In the second
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Figure 12Patterns of seasonal appli
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figure 14Response of an almond orch
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Additional ReadingFollowing are a n
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Lead AuthorSRiccardo Gucci,(Univers
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in the first years of production (t
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Because olives flower late, the ris
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Table 1b Summary of recommended oli
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Table 2 Relative yield and gross re
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Figure 5Hypothetical seasonal cours
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ReferencesAngelopulos, K., Dichio,
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Early vegetative and reproductive g
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Summer stressDuring this period of
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almond had its highest Gl of close
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Water Production FunctionsThe two p
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Figure 3aCrop-water production func
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Goldhamer, D. A. & Salinas, M. 2000
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Figure 1 Production trends for appl
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division, and that limitation of po
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oth irrigation level and crop load.
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Figure 6Seasonal reference ET o cro
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Figure 8 Water production function
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Table 2 Apple orchard water require
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Lead AuthorSDiego S. Intrigliolo,Ju
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The fruit with fleshy pericarp is c
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Figure 2 Relationships between aver
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Suggested Deficit Irrigation Strate
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Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
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Early Vegetative and Reproductive g
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The research results on preharvest
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Much less work has been done on the
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Figure 5 shows that with mild defic
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FIGURE 6Relationships between appli
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Table 2 Irrigation management, yiel
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Table 3 Suggested RDI strategies fo
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Lead AuthorJordi Marsal(IRTA, Lleid
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Figure 2Reproductive growth of pear
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Figure 3Effects of postharvest irri
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Table 1Crop coefficients relative t
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same cultivar but used in Italy and
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notice that this was the case for B
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REFERENCESAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
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Lead AuthorSJoan Girona(IRTA, Lleid
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Description of the stages of develo
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Figure 3(a): Relationship between a
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several others since that time have
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BOXDetecting water stress in peachA
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Water RequirementsThe water use rat
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Figure 6Relation between relative y
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Johnson, R.S. & Phene, B.C. 2008. F
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production recovery from severe wat
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Description of the stages of develo
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used to collect the nuts, which are
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yield of marketable product (split
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Figure 4Total tree nut load for tre
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Figure 6Production function develop
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ReferencesAydın, Y. 2004. The effe
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Figure 1 Production trends for apri
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Responses to Water DeficitsIn areas
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Figure 4Apricot (cv. Búlida) shoot
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apricot 439
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Figure 1 Production trends for avoc
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Stem-water potential (SWP) values a
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ReferencesFaber, B., Apaia, M. & M.
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Figure 1 Production trends for swee
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Figure 4Daily patterns of sunlit le
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season (Marsal, 2010). However, the
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sweet CHERRY 457
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Figure 1 Grape production between 1
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Table 1Key vegetative and reproduct
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Figure 3Plasticity of flowering of
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In common with most crops, tissue e
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minimal4season 1 (l h -1 )4eason 1
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Table 4Yield, fruit sugar concentra
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Figure 10Negative associations betw
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Table 5Sensory evaluation of experi
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FIGURE 14Seasonal dynamics of crop
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Box 2 Crop and soil measurements to
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ReferencesAlmenberg, J. & Dreber, A
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Petrie, P.R. & Sadras, V.O. 2008. A
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Figure 1 Production trends for kiwi
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Figure 3Evolution of the LAI in A.
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Figure 7Schematic representation of
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water content is high enough to avo
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REFERENCESClearwater, M.J., Lowe, R
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attention to rough estimations or a
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