Crop yield response to water - Cra

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ReferencesAsseng, S. & Hsiao, T.C. 2000. Canopy CO 2 assimilation, energy balance, and water use efficiency of an alfalfa cropbefore and after cutting. Field Crops Research 67(3): 191-206.Avice J.C., Lemaire G., Ourry, A. & Boucaud, J. 1997. Effects of the previous shoot removal frequency on subsequentshoot regrowth in two Medicago sativa L. cultivars. Plant and Soil 188, 189-198.Brown, H. E., Moot, D. J., Fletcher, A. L. & Jamieson, P. D. 2009. A framework for quantifying water extraction andwater stress responses of perennial lucerne. Crop & Pasture Science, 60, 785-794.Brown, H. E., Moot, D. J. & Pollock, K. M. 2005. Herbage production, persistence, nutritive characteristics and wateruse of perennial forages grown over 6 years on a Wakanui silt loam. New Zealand Journal of Agricultural Research,48, 423-439.Brown, H.E., Moot, D.J. & Teixeira, E.I. 2006. Radiation use efficiency and biomass partitioning of lucerne (Medicagosativa) in a temperate climate. European Journal of Agronomy 25: 319-327.Dardanelli, J. L., Bachmeier, O. A., Sereno, R. & Gil, R. 1997. Rooting depth and soil water extraction patterns ofdifferent crops in a silty loam Haplustoll. Field Crops Research, 54, 29-38.Fick, G.W., Holt, D.A. & Lugg D.G. 1988. Environmental physiology and crop growth. In: Hanson, A.A., Barnes, D.K. &Hill, R.R., Jr. eds. Alfalfa and alfalfa improvement. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, Inc., CropScience Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Vol. 29, 163-194.French, B.K. & Legg, B.J. 1979. Rothamsted irrigation 1964–76. Journal of Agricultural Science, U.K. 92, 15 – 37. doi:10.1017/S0021859600060469.Grimes, D.W., Wiley, P.L. & Sheesley, W.R. 1992. Alfalfa Yield and Plant Water Relations with Variable Irrigation.Crop Science 32: 1381-1387.Justes, E., Thiébeau, P., Avice, J.C., Lemaire, G., Volenec, J.J. & Ourry, A. 2002. Influence of summer sowing dates,N fertilization and irrigation on autumn VSP accumulation and dynamics of spring regrowth in alfalfa (Medicagosativa L.). Journal of Experimental Botany 53:111-2121.Marten, G.C., Buxton, D.R. & Barnes, R.F. 1988. Feeding value (Forage Quality). In: Hanson, A.A., Barnes, D.K. &Hill, R.R., Jr. eds. Alfalfa and alfalfa improvement. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, Inc., CropScience Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Vol. 29, 463-491.Michaud, R., Lehman, W. F. & Rumbaugh, M. D. 1988. World distribution and historical development. In: Hanson,A.A., Barnes, D.K. & Hill, R.R., Jr. eds. Alfalfa and alfalfa improvement. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society ofAgronomy, Inc., Crop Science Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc, Vol. 29, 25-91.Moot, D.J., Brown, H.E., Teixiera, E. & Pollock, K.M. 2003. Crop growth and development affect seasonal priorities forlucerne management. In: Moot, D.J., ed. Legumes for dryland pastures. Proceedings of a New Zealand GrasslandsAssociation Symposium, Lincoln University, 18–19 November 2003. Grassland Research and Practice Series No. 11,pp. 201–208.SAGE. 2000. Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, University of Wisconsin-Madison. Online databaseavailable at link http://www.sage.wisc.edu/mapsdatamodels.html. Accessed on December 2011.Sheaffer, C. C., Tanner, C. B. & Kirkham, M. B. 1988. Alfalfa water relations and irrigation. In: Hanson, A.A., Barnes,D.K. & Hill, R.R., Jr. eds. Alfalfa and alfalfa improvement. Madison, Wisconsin: American Society of Agronomy, Inc.,Crop Science Society of America, Inc., Soil Science Society of America, Inc., Vol. 29, 373-409.Teixeira, E.I., Moot, D.J., Pollock, K.J. & Brown H.E. 2007. How does defoliation management affect yield, canopyforming processes and light interception in lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) crops? European Journal of Agronomy 27,154-164.Teixeira, E. I., Moot, D. J. & Brown, H. E. 2008. Defoliation frequency and season affected radiation use efficiencyand dry matter partitioning to roots of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) crops. European Journal of Agronomy, 28 (2):103-111.Teixeira, E.I., Brown, H., Moot, D.J. & Meenken, E.D. 2011. Growth and phenological development patterns differbetween seedling and regrowth alfalfa crops (Medicago sativa L.). European Journal of Agronomy 35(1): 47-55Willems, A. 2006. The taxonomy of rhizobia: an overview. Plant and Soil 287: 3-14.ALFALFA 219
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Crop yieldresponse to waterFAOIRRIG
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1. IntroductionFood production and
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Lead AuthorsMartin Smith(formerly F
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3. Yield response to waterof herbac
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The WP parameter introduced in Aqua
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figure 7 The root zone depicted as
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threshold and 1.0 at the lower thre
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also calculated by multiplying with
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FIGURE 14 Schematic representation
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figure 17ClimateInput data defining
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Table 1 Conservative crop parameter
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figure 18 The Main AquaCrop menu.di
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Applications to Irrigation Manageme
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Box 1 Simulating deficit irrigation
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for each planting date. If there ar
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ox 2 (CONTINUED)FIGURE 1 Difference
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Heng, L.K., Hsiao,T.C., Evett, S.,
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Table 2Additional information and d
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capacity (FC) and permanent wilting
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densities. This range is referred t
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Table 3Comparison of simulated with
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In Equation 3 C a is the mean air C
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REFERENCESAllen, R., Pereira, L., R
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Lead AuthorSenthold Asseng(formerly
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Figure 1 World wheat harvested area
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When nutrition is limiting, yield p
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wheat 101
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Figure 1 World rice harvested area
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Response to StressesBecause rice ev
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Lead AuthorTheodore C. Hsiao(Univer
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emergence to flowering is about 65
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ReferencesAyers, R.S. & Westcot, D.
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Figure 1 World soybean harvested ar
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A number of studies indicate that s
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ReferencesBhatia, V.S., Piara Singh
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Figure 1 World barley harvested are
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Barley development may be thought o
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The seasonal water requirements for
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Lead AuthorSuhas P. Wani(ICRISAT, A
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sowing usually starts in late Septe
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loss. If water stress is severe eno
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ReferencesFAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online
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Figure 1 World cotton harvested are
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Response to StressesCotton stands o
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FAO. 2011. FAOSTAT online database,
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spring. In double cropping, sowing
Page 183 and 184: size as affected by soil water defi
Page 186: sunflower 171
Page 191 and 192: to produce energy (electricity from
Page 193 and 194: Response to stressLow temperatureSu
Page 196: Sugarcane 181
Page 200 and 201: Figure 1 World potato harvested are
Page 202 and 203: initiation, vigorous canopy, profus
Page 204: ReferencesBradshaw, J.E. 2009. A ge
Page 209 and 210: Tomato requires soils with proper w
Page 211 and 212: and there is frequent wetting of ex
Page 213 and 214: is so excessive that fruit setting
Page 217 and 218: Lead AuthorsMichele Rinaldi(CRA, Ba
Page 219 and 220: North Africa and near East ranges f
Page 221 and 222: Water use & ProductivitySugar beets
Page 223 and 224: ReferencesAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
Page 228 and 229: Figure 1 Alfalfa harvested area (SA
Page 231 and 232: Water use & ProductivityAs a perenn
Page 233: SalinityAlfalfa is tolerant to rela
Page 238 and 239: Figure 1 World bambara groundnut ha
Page 240 and 241: temperatures clearly influence repr
Page 242: BAMBARA GROUNDNUT 227
Page 245 and 246: Lead AuthorSam Geerts(KU Leuven Uni
Page 247 and 248: physiological maturity varies betwe
Page 249 and 250: (Bertero et al., 2000; Jacobsen and
Page 253 and 254: Lead AuthorAlemtsehay Tsegay(Mekell
Page 255 and 256: about 55 days or more after plantin
Page 257 and 258: Hirut, K., Johnson, R.C. & Ferris,
Page 260 and 261: Yield response to waterof fruit tre
Page 262: techniques; d) relations between yi
Page 267 and 268: has been such that wherever farmers
Page 269 and 270: tasted better than those from fully
Page 271 and 272: The orchard ET processThe ET c from
Page 274: The model AquaCrop computes E for t
Page 277 and 278: (8) Tr cc = K cc ET o f ccWhere, f
Page 279 and 280: ox 5 (CONTINUED)F 2 VALUES (Norther
Page 281 and 282: ox 6 Examples for determining ET of
Page 283 and 284: Determining irrigation requirements
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ox 8 Spatial relation between the d
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accurately determine volumetric soi
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ox 10 This page: Examples of the di
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ox 11 Reference values of stem-wate
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A major advantage of the canopy tem
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The water budget technique is very
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high sensitivity level, as discusse
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of crop responses to water deficits
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ox 18 Generalized relationships bet
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ox 19 (CONTINUED)(b) In the second
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Figure 12Patterns of seasonal appli
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figure 14Response of an almond orch
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Additional ReadingFollowing are a n
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Lead AuthorSRiccardo Gucci,(Univers
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in the first years of production (t
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Because olives flower late, the ris
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Table 1b Summary of recommended oli
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Table 2 Relative yield and gross re
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Figure 5Hypothetical seasonal cours
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ReferencesAngelopulos, K., Dichio,
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Early vegetative and reproductive g
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Summer stressDuring this period of
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almond had its highest Gl of close
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Water Production FunctionsThe two p
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Figure 3aCrop-water production func
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Goldhamer, D. A. & Salinas, M. 2000
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Figure 1 Production trends for appl
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division, and that limitation of po
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oth irrigation level and crop load.
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Figure 6Seasonal reference ET o cro
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Figure 8 Water production function
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Table 2 Apple orchard water require
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Lead AuthorSDiego S. Intrigliolo,Ju
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The fruit with fleshy pericarp is c
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Figure 2 Relationships between aver
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Suggested Deficit Irrigation Strate
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Lead AuthorDavid A. Goldhamer(forme
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Early Vegetative and Reproductive g
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The research results on preharvest
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Much less work has been done on the
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Figure 5 shows that with mild defic
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FIGURE 6Relationships between appli
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Table 2 Irrigation management, yiel
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Table 3 Suggested RDI strategies fo
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Lead AuthorJordi Marsal(IRTA, Lleid
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Figure 2Reproductive growth of pear
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Figure 3Effects of postharvest irri
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Table 1Crop coefficients relative t
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same cultivar but used in Italy and
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notice that this was the case for B
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REFERENCESAllen, R.G., Pereira, L.S
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Lead AuthorSJoan Girona(IRTA, Lleid
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Description of the stages of develo
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Figure 3(a): Relationship between a
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several others since that time have
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BOXDetecting water stress in peachA
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Water RequirementsThe water use rat
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Figure 6Relation between relative y
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Johnson, R.S. & Phene, B.C. 2008. F
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production recovery from severe wat
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Description of the stages of develo
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used to collect the nuts, which are
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yield of marketable product (split
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Figure 4Total tree nut load for tre
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Figure 6Production function develop
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ReferencesAydın, Y. 2004. The effe
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Figure 1 Production trends for apri
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Responses to Water DeficitsIn areas
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Figure 4Apricot (cv. Búlida) shoot
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apricot 439
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Figure 1 Production trends for avoc
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Stem-water potential (SWP) values a
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ReferencesFaber, B., Apaia, M. & M.
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Figure 1 Production trends for swee
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Figure 4Daily patterns of sunlit le
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season (Marsal, 2010). However, the
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sweet CHERRY 457
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Figure 1 Grape production between 1
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Table 1Key vegetative and reproduct
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Figure 3Plasticity of flowering of
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In common with most crops, tissue e
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minimal4season 1 (l h -1 )4eason 1
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Table 4Yield, fruit sugar concentra
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Figure 10Negative associations betw
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Table 5Sensory evaluation of experi
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FIGURE 14Seasonal dynamics of crop
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Box 2 Crop and soil measurements to
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ReferencesAlmenberg, J. & Dreber, A
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Petrie, P.R. & Sadras, V.O. 2008. A
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Figure 1 Production trends for kiwi
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Figure 3Evolution of the LAI in A.
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Figure 7Schematic representation of
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water content is high enough to avo
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REFERENCESClearwater, M.J., Lowe, R
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attention to rough estimations or a
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FAO IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE PAPERS1
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