TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

CHROMIUM 592. HEALTH EFFECTSA cohort of 3,408 workers from four former facilities that produced chromium compounds from chromiteore in northern New Jersey was assembled in 1990–1991 using social security records (Rosenman andStanbury 1996). The subjects were known to have worked in the four facilities sometime between 1937and 1971, when the last facility closed. Exposure durations ranged from less than 1 year to greater than20 years. The overall risk of lung cancer derived from proportionate cancer mortality ratios (PCMR) was1.51 for white males and 1.34 for black males. The risk increased with duration of employment andlatency since time of first employment. The cancer mortality ratio for greater than 20 years of workplaceexposure and greater than 20 years since first exposure was 194 and 308 for white and black males,respectively. This study also showed significantly increased risk for nasal cavity/sinus cancer indicatedby a PCMR of 518 which has not been observed in previous studies in the United States. A cluster ofbladder cancer was seen at one facility among black workers with a PCMR of 330.The risk of lung cancer in chromate production workers has also been studied in the United Kingdom.The finding of two cases of lung cancer, diagnosed through a radiographic survey, among 786 workersemployed in three chromate producing factories in 1948–1949 (Bidstrup 1951) prompted a follow-up atthese factories in 1955. In this follow-up, 12 of 59 deaths that occurred from 1949–1958 were due tolung cancer. Comparison with vital statistics from the male population of England and Wales resulted inO/E=12/3.3, SMR=364 (p