TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

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1SAMPLE6 TABLE 2-1. Levels of Significant Exposure to [Chemical x] – InhalationExposureLOAEL (effect)Key tofrequency/NOAELfigure a Species duration System (ppm) Less serious (ppm)Serious (ppm) Reference2 6 INTERMEDIATE EXPOSURE5 6 7 8 9 103 6 Systemic 9 9 9 9 9 94 6 18 Rat 13 wk5d/wk6hr/dResp 3 b 10 (hyperplasia) Nitschke et al.1981CHRONIC EXPOSURE11Cancer 938 Rat 18 mo5d/wk7hr/d39 Rat 89–104 wk5d/wk6hr/d40 Mouse 79–103 wk5d/wk6hr/da The number corresponds to entries in Figure 2-1.20 (CEL, multipleorgans)10 (CEL, lung tumors,nasal tumors)10 (CEL, lung tumors,hemangiosarcomas)Wong et al. 1982NTP 1982NTP 198212 6 b Used to derive an intermediate inhalation Minimal Risk Level (MRL) of 5 x 10 -3 ppm; dose adjusted for intermittent exposure and divided byan uncertainty factor of 100 (10 for extrapolation from animal to humans, 10 for human variability).APPENDIX BCHROMIUM B-4
13141516(ppm)1000010001001010.10.010.0010.00010.000010.0000010.0000001DeathSAMPLEFigure 2-1. Levels of Significant Exposure to [Chemical X] – Inhalation16r 17rr Ratm Mouseh Rabbitg Guinea Pigk MonkeyAcute(≤14 days)SystemicRespiratory24g 18r18r18rHematological20m22g 21r 20mDeath31r30rRespiratoryIntermediate(15-364 days)SystemicHematologicalHepatic* Doses represent the lowest dose tested per study that produced a tumorigenic response and do not implythe existence of a threshold for the cancer end point.33rKey28m22mLOAEL for serious effects (animals)LOAEL for less serious effects (animals)NOAEL (animals)CEL - Cancer Effect Level29r37m35m34r34rMinimal risk level for effectsother than cancerThe number next to each pointcorresponds to entries in theaccompanying table.Reproductive27r10 -4Cancer*38r40m39r10 -5 EstimatedUpper Bound10 -710 -6 Human CancerRisk Levels171819APPENDIX BCHROMIUM B-5
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TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FORCHROMIUMU.
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CHROMIUMiiiUPDATE STATEMENTToxicolo
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CHROMIUMviiQUICK REFERENCE FOR HEAL
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CHROMIUMxiPEER REVIEWA peer review
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CHROMIUMxiv2.2.3.1 Death ..........
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CHROMIUMxviC. ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIO
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CHROMIUM 11. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMEN
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CHROMIUM 121. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEME
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CHROMIUM 142. HEALTH EFFECTSessenti
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CHROMIUM 162. HEALTH EFFECTSuncerta
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TABLE 2-1. Levels of Significant Ex
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11 Rat 90 d Resp 0.025 M (increased
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20 Rat(Wistar)Reproductive90 d7 d/w
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33 Rat I8 mo Resp 0.1 M Glaser et a
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43 Human44 Human45 Human46 Human47
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forFigure 2-1. Levels of Significan
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35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r
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CHROMIUM 322. HEALTH EFFECTSInterme
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CHROMIUM 342. HEALTH EFFECTSexposur
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CHROMIUM 362. HEALTH EFFECTSsulfate
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CHROMIUM 382. HEALTH EFFECTScorrela
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CHROMIUM 402. HEALTH EFFECTS1953).
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CHROMIUM 422. HEALTH EFFECTSBaltimo
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CHROMIUM 442. HEALTH EFFECTSHepatic
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CHROMIUM 462. HEALTH EFFECTSdichrom
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CHROMIUM 482. HEALTH EFFECTSdamage
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CHROMIUM 502. HEALTH EFFECTSChromiu
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CHROMIUM 522. HEALTH EFFECTSAn exte
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CHROMIUM 542. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.7
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CHROMIUM 562. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.8
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CHROMIUM 582. HEALTH EFFECTSmajor p
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CHROMIUM 602. HEALTH EFFECTSfound a
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CHROMIUM 622. HEALTH EFFECTSsignifi
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CHROMIUM 642. HEALTH EFFECTSheavy s
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CHROMIUM 662. HEALTH EFFECTScarcino
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CHROMIUM 682. HEALTH EFFECTS(female
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CHROMIUM 702. HEALTH EFFECTSFerroch
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CHROMIUM 722. HEALTH EFFECTS1.2x10
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CHROMIUM 742. HEALTH EFFECTSchromiu
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8 Rat once 26 M (LD 50)(Fischer- 34
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20 Mouse 9 d Bd Wt 53.2 F 101 .1 F
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32 Rat(BD)33 RatSwiss albino34 RatD
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Neurological45 Rat 28 d(Wistar)Repr
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59 Mouse 85 d + 36.7 F NTP 1997(BAL
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CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemic70 Human71
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Figure 2-2. Levels of Significant E
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MinimalFigure 2-2. Levels of Signif
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CHROMIUM 922. HEALTH EFFECTSand blo
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CHROMIUM 942. HEALTH EFFECTSHematol
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CHROMIUM 962. HEALTH EFFECTSAverage
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CHROMIUM 982. HEALTH EFFECTSchanges
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CHROMIUM 1002. HEALTH EFFECTSsperma
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CHROMIUM 1022. HEALTH EFFECTSchromi
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CHROMIUM 1042. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.2.
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CHROMIUM 1062. HEALTH EFFECTSImpair
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CHROMIUM 1082. HEALTH EFFECTSrates
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TABLE 2-3. Levels of Significant Ex
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HumanHumanHumanHumanHumanHumanHuman
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CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemicHuman 7.5 y
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CHROMIUM 1162. HEALTH EFFECTSNo stu
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CHROMIUM 1182. HEALTH EFFECTSIrrita
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CHROMIUM 1202. HEALTH EFFECTSindust
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CHROMIUM 1222. HEALTH EFFECTSGuinea
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CHROMIUM 1242. HEALTH EFFECTSmodel,
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CHROMIUM 1262. HEALTH EFFECTSblood,
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CHROMIUM 1302. HEALTH EFFECTSAlthou
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CHROMIUM 1322. HEALTH EFFECTS2.3.2
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CHROMIUM 1362. HEALTH EFFECTSThe di
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CHROMIUM 1382. HEALTH EFFECTS(2-5 m
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CHROMIUM 1402. HEALTH EFFECTSIn rat
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CHROMIUM 1422. HEALTH EFFECTSunstab
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CHROMIUM 1442. HEALTH EFFECTSIn add
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CHROMIUM 1462. HEALTH EFFECTSsignif
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CHROMIUM 1502. HEALTH EFFECTSDaily
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CHROMIUM 1522. HEALTH EFFECTS51 Chr
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CHROMIUM 1562. HEALTH EFFECTSFigure
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CHROMIUM 1582. HEALTH EFFECTSTable
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CHROMIUM 1622. HEALTH EFFECTSInterr
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CHROMIUM 1642. HEALTH EFFECTSthe bl
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CHROMIUM 1662. HEALTH EFFECTSpreval
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CHROMIUM 1682. HEALTH EFFECTS2.5 RE
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CHROMIUM 1702. HEALTH EFFECTSSevera
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CHROMIUM 1722. HEALTH EFFECTSanimal
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CHROMIUM 1742. HEALTH EFFECTSOral M
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CHROMIUM 1762. HEALTH EFFECTSfibros
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CHROMIUM 1782. HEALTH EFFECTSNausea
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CHROMIUM 1802. HEALTH EFFECTSthe pr
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CHROMIUM 1822. HEALTH EFFECTSSevere
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CHROMIUM 1842. HEALTH EFFECTSdevelo
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CHROMIUM 1862. HEALTH EFFECTSthe ce
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CHROMIUM 1882. HEALTH EFFECTSimprov
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CHROMIUM 1902. HEALTH EFFECTSchroma
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CHROMIUM 1922. HEALTH EFFECTSIn ano
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Table 2-5. Genotoxicity of Chromium
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Table 2-5. Genotoxicity of Chromium
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Species (test system)Prokaryotic or
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Species (test system)S. typhimurium
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Species (test system)Mouse A18BcR c
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Species (test system)Prokaryotic or
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Species (test system)Syrian hamster
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CHROMIUM 2082. HEALTH EFFECTSet al.
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CHROMIUM 2102. HEALTH EFFECTScancer
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CHROMIUM 2122. HEALTH EFFECTS2.6 EN
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CHROMIUM 2142. HEALTH EFFECTSChromi
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CHROMIUM 2182. HEALTH EFFECTSBiolog
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CHROMIUM 2222. HEALTH EFFECTSemploy
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CHROMIUM 2242. HEALTH EFFECTSunexpe
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CHROMIUM 2262. HEALTH EFFECTSMutti
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CHROMIUM 2282. HEALTH EFFECTS1986a,
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CHROMIUM 2302. HEALTH EFFECTSconcen
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CHROMIUM 2322. HEALTH EFFECTSmentio
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CHROMIUM 2362. HEALTH EFFECTSglutat
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CHROMIUM 2382. HEALTH EFFECTS1997).
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CHROMIUM 2402. HEALTH EFFECTS
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CHROMIUM 2422. HEALTH EFFECTSlimite
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CHROMIUM 2442. HEALTH EFFECTSThe re
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CHROMIUM 2462. HEALTH EFFECTS(Nette
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CHROMIUM 2482. HEALTH EFFECTSsperma
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CHROMIUM 2502. HEALTH EFFECTSThere
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CHROMIUM 2522. HEALTH EFFECTStimesp
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CHROMIUM 2542. HEALTH EFFECTSShmito
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CHROMIUM 2562. HEALTH EFFECTShas no
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CHROMIUM 2582. HEALTH EFFECTSTable
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CharacteristicSynonym(s)Table 3-1.
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CHROMIUM 2663. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICA
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CHROMIUM 2744. PRODUCTION, IMPORT/E
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CHROMIUM 2815. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN
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Derived from HazDat 2000Figure 5-2.
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State bTable 5-2. Releases to the E
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State bTable 5-2. Releases to the E
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CHROMIUM 3156. ANALYTICAL METHODSTh
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Sample matrixTable 6-1. Analytical
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CHROMIUM 3196. ANALYTICAL METHODS6.
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Sample matrixOccupational air(weldi
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Sample matrixWaste water 1986(chrom
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CHROMIUM 3256. ANALYTICAL METHODS6.
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CHROMIUM 3277. REGULATIONS AND ADVI
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CHROMIUM 3398. REFERENCES*Aaseth J,
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CHROMIUM 3418. REFERENCES*Anderson
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CHROMIUM 3438. REFERENCES*Baranowsk
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CHROMIUM 3458. REFERENCESBlack CB,
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CHROMIUM 3478. REFERENCES*Buckell M
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CHROMIUM 3498. REFERENCES*Chen NSC,
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CHROMIUM 3518. REFERENCESCriqui M,
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CHROMIUM 3538. REFERENCESDOD. 1947.
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CHROMIUM 3558. REFERENCES*EPA. 1984
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CHROMIUM 3578. REFERENCES*EPA. 1996
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CHROMIUM 3598. REFERENCESFlint GN,
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CHROMIUM 3618. REFERENCES*Gale TF,
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CHROMIUM 3638. REFERENCESGriepink B
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CHROMIUM 3658. REFERENCES*Hayes RB,
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CHROMIUM 3678. REFERENCESHunt CD, S
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CHROMIUM 3698. REFERENCES*Jansen LH
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CHROMIUM 3718. REFERENCESKeith RL,
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CHROMIUM 3738. REFERENCES*Korallus
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CHROMIUM 3758. REFERENCES*Laborda R
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CHROMIUM 3778. REFERENCESLees PSJ,
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CHROMIUM 3798. REFERENCES*Liu KJ, J
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CHROMIUM 3818. REFERENCES*Malm O, P
Page 403 and 404: CHROMIUM 3838. REFERENCESMehra R, B
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Page 407 and 408: CHROMIUM 3878. REFERENCES*Newbold R
Page 409 and 410: CHROMIUM 3898. REFERENCES*Novey HS,
Page 411 and 412: CHROMIUM 3918. REFERENCES*OSHA 1999
Page 413 and 414: CHROMIUM 3938. REFERENCESPiela Z, K
Page 415 and 416: CHROMIUM 3958. REFERENCESRI Div Air
Page 417 and 418: CHROMIUM 3978. REFERENCES*Sata F, A
Page 419 and 420: CHROMIUM 3998. REFERENCES*Sheppard
Page 421 and 422: CHROMIUM 4018. REFERENCES*Snyder CA
Page 423 and 424: CHROMIUM 4038. REFERENCESŠtupar J,
Page 425 and 426: CHROMIUM 4058. REFERENCESTamino G,
Page 427 and 428: CHROMIUM 4078. REFERENCES*Ueno S, S
Page 429 and 430: CHROMIUM 4098. REFERENCESWahlberg J
Page 431 and 432: CHROMIUM 4118. REFERENCES*Wiegand H
Page 433: CHROMIUM 4138. REFERENCES*Zhitkovic
Page 436 and 437: CHROMIUM 4169. GLOSSARYCase Series
Page 438 and 439: CHROMIUM 4189. GLOSSARYModifying Fa
Page 440 and 441: CHROMIUM 4209. GLOSSARYeither under
Page 443 and 444: CHROMIUM A-1APPENDIX AATSDR MINIMAL
Page 445 and 446: CHROMIUM A-3APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK
Page 447 and 448: CHROMIUM A-5APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK
Page 449: CHROMIUM A-7APPENDIX AWas a convers
Page 452 and 453: CHROMIUM B-2APPENDIX B(2) Exposure
Page 456 and 457: CHROMIUM B-6APPENDIX BChapter 2 (Se
Page 459 and 460: CHROMIUM C-1APPENDIX CACRONYMS, ABB
Page 461: CHROMIUM C-3APPENDIX CTRITWAU.S.UFy
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