TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com
CHROMIUM A-4APPENDIX AUncertainty factors used in MRL derivation:[ ] 1 [ ] 3 [X] 10 (for use of a LOAEL)[ ] 1 [ ] 3 [ ] 10 (for extrapolation from animals to humans)[ ] 1 [ ] 3 [X] 10 (for human variability)Was a conversion factor used from ppm in food or water to a mg/body weight dose? No.If so, explain: Not applicable.If an inhalation study in animals, list conversion factors used in determining human equivalent dose: No.Not applicable.Was a conversion used from intermittent to continuous exposure? Yes, the LOAEL of 0.002 mg/m 3 wasmultiplied by 8 hr/24 hr and by 5 days/7 days to yield an adjusted LOAEL of 0.0005 mg/m 3 .Other additional studies or pertinent information that lend support to this MRL:The respiratory tract is the major target of inhalation exposure to chromium(III) and chromium(VI)compounds in humans and animals. Respiratory effects due to inhalation exposure are probably due todirect action of chromium at the site of contact. Intermediate- and chronic-duration exposure of workersto chromium(VI) compounds has resulted in epistaxis, chronic rhinorrhea, nasal itching and soreness,nasal mucosal atrophy, perforations and ulceration of the nasal septum, bronchitis, pneumonoconiosis,decreased pulmonary function, and pneumonia (Bovet et al. 1977; Cohen et al. 1974; Davies et al. 1991;Gomes 1972; Greater Tokyo Bureau of Hygiene 1989; Hanslian et al. 1967; Keskinen et al. 1980;Kleinfeld and Rosso 1965; Lee and Goh 1988; Letterer 1939; Lieberman 1941; Lindberg andHedenstierm 1983; Lucas and Kramkowski 1975; Mancuso 1951; Meyers 1950; Novey et al. 1983;Pastides et al. 1991; PHS 1953; Royle 1975b; Sassi 1956; Sluis-Cremer and du Toit 1968; Sorahan et al.1987; Taylor 1966).Agency Contact (Chemical Manager): Sharon Wilbur
CHROMIUM A-5APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK LEVEL (MRL) WORKSHEETChemical name: Sodium dichromateCAS number: 10588-01-9Date: September, 2000Profile status: FinalRoute:[X] Inhalation [ ] OralDuration:[ ] Acute [X] Intermediate [ ] ChronicKey to figure: 12Species:RatMRL:0.001 mg chromium (VI)/m 3 as hexavalent chromium particulate compoundsReference: Glaser U, Hochrainer D, Steinholf D. 1990. Investigation of irritating properties of inhaledCrVI with possible influence on its carcinogenic action. Environ Hyg 2:235-245.Experimental design: Eight-week old male Wistar rats (30 animals in each group) were exposed22 hours/day, 7 days/week to 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg chromium(VI)/m 3 as sodium dichromate aerosolparticulates. Groups of 10 animals were sacrificed after 30 or 90 days of exposure or after 90 days ofexposure and a 30-day recovery period. The respective mass median mean diameters (MMAD) andgeometric standard deviation were 0.28 µm and 1.63 for the 0.5 and 0.1 mg/m 3 concentrations and 0.39µm and 1.72 for the 0.2 and 0.4 mg/m 3 concentrations. Hematological, clinical chemistry, and urinalysistests were performed. Gross and histological examinations were limited to the upper airway epithelia, leftlung lobes, and the kidneys. In addition, lung lavage fluid was analyzed for total protein, albumin, lactatedehydrogenase, and β-glucuronidase activities.Effects noted in study and corresponding doses: No deaths or abnormal clinical signs occurred at any ofthe exposures. Body weight was significantly (p
- Page 395 and 396: CHROMIUM 3758. REFERENCES*Laborda R
- Page 397 and 398: CHROMIUM 3778. REFERENCESLees PSJ,
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- Page 417 and 418: CHROMIUM 3978. REFERENCES*Sata F, A
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- Page 421 and 422: CHROMIUM 4018. REFERENCES*Snyder CA
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- Page 425 and 426: CHROMIUM 4058. REFERENCESTamino G,
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- Page 436 and 437: CHROMIUM 4169. GLOSSARYCase Series
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<strong>CHROMIUM</strong> A-5APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK LEVEL (MRL) WORKSHEETChemical name: Sodium dichromateCAS number: 10588-01-9Date: September, 2000Profile status: FinalRoute:[X] Inhalation [ ] OralDuration:[ ] Acute [X] Intermediate [ ] ChronicKey to figure: 12Species:RatMRL:0.001 mg chromium (VI)/m 3 as hexavalent chromium particulate <strong>com</strong>poundsReference: Glaser U, Hochrainer D, Steinholf D. 1990. Investigation of irritating properties of inhaledCrVI with possible influence on its carcinogenic action. Environ Hyg 2:235-245.Experimental design: Eight-week old male Wistar rats (30 animals in each group) were exposed22 hours/day, 7 days/week to 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg chromium(VI)/m 3 as sodium dichromate aerosolparticulates. Groups of 10 animals were sacrificed after 30 or 90 days of exposure or after 90 days ofexposure and a 30-day recovery period. The respective mass median mean diameters (MMAD) andgeometric standard deviation were 0.28 µm and 1.63 for the 0.5 and 0.1 mg/m 3 concentrations and 0.39µm and 1.72 for the 0.2 and 0.4 mg/m 3 concentrations. Hematological, clinical chemistry, and urinalysistests were performed. Gross and histological examinations were limited to the upper airway epithelia, leftlung lobes, and the kidneys. In addition, lung lavage fluid was analyzed for total protein, albumin, lactatedehydrogenase, and β-glucuronidase activities.Effects noted in study and corresponding doses: No deaths or abnormal clinical signs occurred at any ofthe exposures. Body weight was significantly (p
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