TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

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CHROMIUM 4128. REFERENCESWong PK. 1988. Mutagenicity of heavy metals. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 40:597-603.Woolliscroft J, Barbosa J. 1977. Analysis of chromium induced carbohydrate intolerance in the rat. JNutr 107(9):1702-1706.*Wroñska-Nofer T, Wisniewska-Knypl J, Wyszyñska K. 1999. Prooxidative and genotoxic effect oftransition metals (cadmium, nickel, chromium, and vanadium) in mice. Trace Elem Electrolytes15(2):87-92.*Xu J, Bubley GJ, Detrick B, et al. 1996. Chromium(VI) treatment of normal human lung cells results inguanine-specific DNA polymerase arrest, DNA-DNA cross-links and S-phase blockade of cell cycle.Carcinogenesis 17(7):1511-1517.*Yamaguchi S, Sano K, Shimojo N. 1983. On the biological half-time of hexavalent chromium in rats.Ind Health 21:25-34.Yamamoto A, Honma R, Sumita M. 1998. Cytotoxicity evaluation of 43 metal salts using murinefibroblasts and osteoblastic cells. J Biomed Mater Res 39:331-340.*Yang J-L, Hsieh Y-C, Wu C-W, et al. 1992. Mutational specificity of chromium(VI) compounds in thehprt locus of Chinese hamster ovary-K1 cells. Carcinogenesis 13(11):2053-2057.*Ye J, Zhang X, Young HA, et al. 1995. Chromium(VI)-induced nuclear factor-κB activation in intactcells via free radical reactions. Carcinogenesis 16(10):2401-2405.*Yeardley RB, Lazorchak JM, Paulsen SG. 1998. Elemental fish tissue contamination in NortheasternU.S. lakes: Evaluation of an approach to regional assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 17(9):1875-1884.Yu W, Sipowicz MA, Diwan BA, et al. 1998. Preconception exposure of male mice to urethane orchromium: Increased tumors in multiple organs of offspring. Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res 39:21.Zachariae COC, Agner T, Menne T. 1996. Chromium allergy in consecutive patients in a country whereferrous sulfate has been added to cement since 1981. Contact Dermatitis 35:83-85.*Zahid ZR, Al-Hakkak ZS, Kadhim AHH, et al. 1990. Comparative effects of trivalent and hexavalentchromium on spermatogenesis of the mouse. Toxicol Environ Chem 25:131-136.Zak LJ, Cosgrove JR, Aherne FX, et al. 1997. Pattern of feed intake and associated metabolic andendocrine change differentially affect postweaning fertility in primiparous lactating sows. J Anim Sci75:208-216.*Zatka VJ. 1985. Speciation of hexavalent chromium in welding fumes interference by air oxidation ofchromium. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 46(6):327-331.*Zhang J, Li S. 1997. Cancer mortality in a Chinese population exposed to hexavalent chromium inwater. J Occ Env Med 39(4):315-319.*Zhang J, Li X. 1987. Chromium pollution of soil and water in Jinzhou. Journal of Chinese Prev Med21: 262-264.Zhitkovich A, Voitkun V, Costa M. 1995. Gluathione and free amino acids from stable complexes withDNA following exposure of intact mammalian cells to chromate. Carcinogenesis 16(4):907-913.
CHROMIUM 4138. REFERENCES*Zhitkovich A, Voitkun V, Costa M. 1996. Formation of the amino acid-DNA complexes by hexavalentand trivalent chromium in vitro: importance of trivalent chromium and the phosphate group.Biochemistry 35:7275-7282.*Ziegler EE, Edwards BB, Jensen RL, et al. 1978. Absorption and retention of lead by infants. PediatrRes 12:29-34.*Zimmering S, Mason JM, Valencia R, et al. 1985. Chemical mutagenesis testing in Drosophila. II.Results of 20 coded compounds tested for the National Toxicology Program. Environ Mutagen 7:87-100.
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TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FORCHROMIUMU.
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CHROMIUMiiiUPDATE STATEMENTToxicolo
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CHROMIUMviiQUICK REFERENCE FOR HEAL
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CHROMIUMxiPEER REVIEWA peer review
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CHROMIUMxiv2.2.3.1 Death ..........
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CHROMIUMxviC. ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIO
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CHROMIUM 11. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMEN
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CHROMIUM 121. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEME
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CHROMIUM 142. HEALTH EFFECTSessenti
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CHROMIUM 162. HEALTH EFFECTSuncerta
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TABLE 2-1. Levels of Significant Ex
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11 Rat 90 d Resp 0.025 M (increased
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20 Rat(Wistar)Reproductive90 d7 d/w
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33 Rat I8 mo Resp 0.1 M Glaser et a
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43 Human44 Human45 Human46 Human47
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forFigure 2-1. Levels of Significan
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35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r
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CHROMIUM 322. HEALTH EFFECTSInterme
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CHROMIUM 342. HEALTH EFFECTSexposur
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CHROMIUM 362. HEALTH EFFECTSsulfate
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CHROMIUM 382. HEALTH EFFECTScorrela
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CHROMIUM 402. HEALTH EFFECTS1953).
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CHROMIUM 422. HEALTH EFFECTSBaltimo
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CHROMIUM 442. HEALTH EFFECTSHepatic
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CHROMIUM 462. HEALTH EFFECTSdichrom
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CHROMIUM 482. HEALTH EFFECTSdamage
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CHROMIUM 502. HEALTH EFFECTSChromiu
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CHROMIUM 522. HEALTH EFFECTSAn exte
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CHROMIUM 542. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.7
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CHROMIUM 562. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.8
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CHROMIUM 582. HEALTH EFFECTSmajor p
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CHROMIUM 602. HEALTH EFFECTSfound a
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CHROMIUM 622. HEALTH EFFECTSsignifi
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CHROMIUM 642. HEALTH EFFECTSheavy s
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CHROMIUM 662. HEALTH EFFECTScarcino
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CHROMIUM 682. HEALTH EFFECTS(female
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CHROMIUM 702. HEALTH EFFECTSFerroch
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CHROMIUM 722. HEALTH EFFECTS1.2x10
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CHROMIUM 742. HEALTH EFFECTSchromiu
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8 Rat once 26 M (LD 50)(Fischer- 34
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20 Mouse 9 d Bd Wt 53.2 F 101 .1 F
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32 Rat(BD)33 RatSwiss albino34 RatD
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Neurological45 Rat 28 d(Wistar)Repr
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59 Mouse 85 d + 36.7 F NTP 1997(BAL
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CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemic70 Human71
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Figure 2-2. Levels of Significant E
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MinimalFigure 2-2. Levels of Signif
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CHROMIUM 922. HEALTH EFFECTSand blo
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CHROMIUM 942. HEALTH EFFECTSHematol
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CHROMIUM 962. HEALTH EFFECTSAverage
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CHROMIUM 982. HEALTH EFFECTSchanges
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CHROMIUM 1002. HEALTH EFFECTSsperma
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CHROMIUM 1022. HEALTH EFFECTSchromi
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CHROMIUM 1042. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.2.
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CHROMIUM 1062. HEALTH EFFECTSImpair
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CHROMIUM 1082. HEALTH EFFECTSrates
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TABLE 2-3. Levels of Significant Ex
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HumanHumanHumanHumanHumanHumanHuman
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CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemicHuman 7.5 y
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CHROMIUM 1162. HEALTH EFFECTSNo stu
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CHROMIUM 1182. HEALTH EFFECTSIrrita
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CHROMIUM 1202. HEALTH EFFECTSindust
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CHROMIUM 1222. HEALTH EFFECTSGuinea
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CHROMIUM 1242. HEALTH EFFECTSmodel,
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CHROMIUM 1262. HEALTH EFFECTSblood,
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CHROMIUM 1302. HEALTH EFFECTSAlthou
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CHROMIUM 1322. HEALTH EFFECTS2.3.2
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CHROMIUM 1362. HEALTH EFFECTSThe di
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CHROMIUM 1382. HEALTH EFFECTS(2-5 m
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CHROMIUM 1402. HEALTH EFFECTSIn rat
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CHROMIUM 1422. HEALTH EFFECTSunstab
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CHROMIUM 1442. HEALTH EFFECTSIn add
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CHROMIUM 1462. HEALTH EFFECTSsignif
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CHROMIUM 1502. HEALTH EFFECTSDaily
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CHROMIUM 1522. HEALTH EFFECTS51 Chr
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CHROMIUM 1562. HEALTH EFFECTSFigure
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CHROMIUM 1582. HEALTH EFFECTSTable
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CHROMIUM 1622. HEALTH EFFECTSInterr
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CHROMIUM 1642. HEALTH EFFECTSthe bl
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CHROMIUM 1662. HEALTH EFFECTSpreval
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CHROMIUM 1682. HEALTH EFFECTS2.5 RE
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CHROMIUM 1702. HEALTH EFFECTSSevera
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CHROMIUM 1722. HEALTH EFFECTSanimal
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CHROMIUM 1742. HEALTH EFFECTSOral M
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CHROMIUM 1762. HEALTH EFFECTSfibros
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CHROMIUM 1782. HEALTH EFFECTSNausea
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CHROMIUM 1802. HEALTH EFFECTSthe pr
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CHROMIUM 1822. HEALTH EFFECTSSevere
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CHROMIUM 1842. HEALTH EFFECTSdevelo
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CHROMIUM 1862. HEALTH EFFECTSthe ce
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CHROMIUM 1882. HEALTH EFFECTSimprov
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CHROMIUM 1902. HEALTH EFFECTSchroma
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CHROMIUM 1922. HEALTH EFFECTSIn ano
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Table 2-5. Genotoxicity of Chromium
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Table 2-5. Genotoxicity of Chromium
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Species (test system)Prokaryotic or
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Species (test system)S. typhimurium
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Species (test system)Mouse A18BcR c
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Species (test system)Prokaryotic or
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Species (test system)Syrian hamster
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CHROMIUM 2082. HEALTH EFFECTSet al.
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CHROMIUM 2102. HEALTH EFFECTScancer
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CHROMIUM 2122. HEALTH EFFECTS2.6 EN
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CHROMIUM 2142. HEALTH EFFECTSChromi
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CHROMIUM 2182. HEALTH EFFECTSBiolog
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CHROMIUM 2222. HEALTH EFFECTSemploy
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CHROMIUM 2242. HEALTH EFFECTSunexpe
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CHROMIUM 2262. HEALTH EFFECTSMutti
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CHROMIUM 2282. HEALTH EFFECTS1986a,
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CHROMIUM 2302. HEALTH EFFECTSconcen
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CHROMIUM 2322. HEALTH EFFECTSmentio
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CHROMIUM 2362. HEALTH EFFECTSglutat
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CHROMIUM 2382. HEALTH EFFECTS1997).
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CHROMIUM 2402. HEALTH EFFECTS
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CHROMIUM 2422. HEALTH EFFECTSlimite
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CHROMIUM 2442. HEALTH EFFECTSThe re
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CHROMIUM 2462. HEALTH EFFECTS(Nette
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CHROMIUM 2482. HEALTH EFFECTSsperma
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CHROMIUM 2502. HEALTH EFFECTSThere
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CHROMIUM 2522. HEALTH EFFECTStimesp
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CHROMIUM 2542. HEALTH EFFECTSShmito
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CHROMIUM 2562. HEALTH EFFECTShas no
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CHROMIUM 2582. HEALTH EFFECTSTable
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CharacteristicSynonym(s)Table 3-1.
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CHROMIUM 2663. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICA
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CHROMIUM 2744. PRODUCTION, IMPORT/E
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CHROMIUM 2815. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN
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Derived from HazDat 2000Figure 5-2.
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State bTable 5-2. Releases to the E
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State bTable 5-2. Releases to the E
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CHROMIUM 3156. ANALYTICAL METHODSTh
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Sample matrixTable 6-1. Analytical
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CHROMIUM 3196. ANALYTICAL METHODS6.
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Sample matrixOccupational air(weldi
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Sample matrixWaste water 1986(chrom
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CHROMIUM 3256. ANALYTICAL METHODS6.
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CHROMIUM 3277. REGULATIONS AND ADVI
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CHROMIUM 3398. REFERENCES*Aaseth J,
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CHROMIUM 3418. REFERENCES*Anderson
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CHROMIUM 3438. REFERENCES*Baranowsk
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CHROMIUM 3458. REFERENCESBlack CB,
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CHROMIUM 3478. REFERENCES*Buckell M
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CHROMIUM 3498. REFERENCES*Chen NSC,
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CHROMIUM 3518. REFERENCESCriqui M,
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CHROMIUM 3538. REFERENCESDOD. 1947.
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CHROMIUM 3558. REFERENCES*EPA. 1984
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CHROMIUM 3578. REFERENCES*EPA. 1996
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CHROMIUM 3598. REFERENCESFlint GN,
Page 381 and 382: CHROMIUM 3618. REFERENCES*Gale TF,
Page 383 and 384: CHROMIUM 3638. REFERENCESGriepink B
Page 385 and 386: CHROMIUM 3658. REFERENCES*Hayes RB,
Page 387 and 388: CHROMIUM 3678. REFERENCESHunt CD, S
Page 389 and 390: CHROMIUM 3698. REFERENCES*Jansen LH
Page 391 and 392: CHROMIUM 3718. REFERENCESKeith RL,
Page 393 and 394: CHROMIUM 3738. REFERENCES*Korallus
Page 395 and 396: CHROMIUM 3758. REFERENCES*Laborda R
Page 397 and 398: CHROMIUM 3778. REFERENCESLees PSJ,
Page 399 and 400: CHROMIUM 3798. REFERENCES*Liu KJ, J
Page 401 and 402: CHROMIUM 3818. REFERENCES*Malm O, P
Page 403 and 404: CHROMIUM 3838. REFERENCESMehra R, B
Page 405 and 406: CHROMIUM 3858. REFERENCES*Morris B,
Page 407 and 408: CHROMIUM 3878. REFERENCES*Newbold R
Page 409 and 410: CHROMIUM 3898. REFERENCES*Novey HS,
Page 411 and 412: CHROMIUM 3918. REFERENCES*OSHA 1999
Page 413 and 414: CHROMIUM 3938. REFERENCESPiela Z, K
Page 415 and 416: CHROMIUM 3958. REFERENCESRI Div Air
Page 417 and 418: CHROMIUM 3978. REFERENCES*Sata F, A
Page 419 and 420: CHROMIUM 3998. REFERENCES*Sheppard
Page 421 and 422: CHROMIUM 4018. REFERENCES*Snyder CA
Page 423 and 424: CHROMIUM 4038. REFERENCESŠtupar J,
Page 425 and 426: CHROMIUM 4058. REFERENCESTamino G,
Page 427 and 428: CHROMIUM 4078. REFERENCES*Ueno S, S
Page 429 and 430: CHROMIUM 4098. REFERENCESWahlberg J
Page 431: CHROMIUM 4118. REFERENCES*Wiegand H
Page 436 and 437: CHROMIUM 4169. GLOSSARYCase Series
Page 438 and 439: CHROMIUM 4189. GLOSSARYModifying Fa
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Page 443 and 444: CHROMIUM A-1APPENDIX AATSDR MINIMAL
Page 445 and 446: CHROMIUM A-3APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK
Page 447 and 448: CHROMIUM A-5APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK
Page 449: CHROMIUM A-7APPENDIX AWas a convers
Page 452 and 453: CHROMIUM B-2APPENDIX B(2) Exposure
Page 454 and 455: 1SAMPLE6 TABLE 2-1. Levels of Signi
Page 456 and 457: CHROMIUM B-6APPENDIX BChapter 2 (Se
Page 459 and 460: CHROMIUM C-1APPENDIX CACRONYMS, ABB
Page 461: CHROMIUM C-3APPENDIX CTRITWAU.S.UFy
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