TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

Sample matrixWaste water 1986(chromium(VI))Water (totalchromium)Industrial wastes,soils, sludges,sediments, andother solid wastes(total chromium)Oil wastes, oils,greases, waxes,crude oil (solublechromium)Groundwater,domestic andindustrial waste(chromium[VI])Groundwater-EPextract, domestic,and industrialwaste(chromium[VI])Water, wastewater, and EPextracts(chromium(VI))Table 6-2. Analytical Methods for Determining Chromium in Environmental Samples (continued)Preparation methodSample mixed with amasking agent andcetyltrimethyl-ammoniumbromide solution at pH4.7–6.6, heated in water bathat 50 EC for 10 minutesAnalyticalmethodSpectrophotometry at583 nmSample detectionlimit Percent recovery ReferenceLower thandiphenylcarbazonemethodCalcium nitrate added towater and chromium isconverted to chromium(III) byacidified H 2 O 2GFAAS or ICP/AES 1.0 µg/L(GFAAS) 7.0 µg/LDigest with nitricacid/hydrogen peroxideDissolve in xylene or methylisobutyl ketoneChromium(VI) iscoprecipitated with leadsulfate, reduced, andresolubilized in nitric acidChelation with ammoniumpyrrolidine dithiocarbonateand extraction with methylisobutyl ketoneNo data Qi and Zhu 198697–101% at 19–77 µg/L EPA 1983, 1986a(Method 218.2 and7191)ICP-AES 4.7 µg/L 101% at 3.75 mg/L EPA 1996b(Method 6010)AAS or GFAAS 0.05 mg/L 107% at 15 µg/L EPA 1986b(Method 7190)AAS or GFAAS0.05 mg/L (AAS)2.3 µg/L (GFAAS)93–96% at 40 µg/L EPA 1986c(Method 7195)AAS No data 96% at 50µg/L EPA 1983, 1986d(Method 218.4 and7197)Direct DPPA 10 µg/L 93% at 5 mg/L EPA 1986e(Method 7198)CHROMIUM 3232. HEALTH EFFECTS