TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

More documents

Recommendations

Info

CHROMIUM 2562. HEALTH EFFECTShas not been tested. Further studies are needed to assess the safety of administering thyroxine to mitigatechromium toxicity.Children’s Susceptibility. A limited amount of information is available on the toxicity of chromiumin children; most of the available data comes from children ingesting lethal doses of chromium(VI)(Clochesy 1984; Ellis et al. 1982; Iserson et al. 1983; Kaufman et al. 1970; Reichelderfer 1968). Studiesthat examine sensitive end points such as respiratory effects following inhalation exposure, orgastrointestinal, hematological, liver and kidney effects in young animals would be useful for assessingwhether children will be unusually susceptible to chromium toxicity. The available animal data suggestthat chromium is a developmental toxicant. As discussed in Section 2.2.2.6, the observed developmentaleffects include postimplantation losses, gross abnormalities, and impaired reproductive development inthe offspring (Al-Hamood et al. 1998; Junaid et al. 1996a, 1996b; Kanojia 1996, 1998; Trivedi et al.1989). Data needs relating to development are discussed in detail in the Developmental Toxicitysubsection above. There are some data in humans and animals which provide evidence that chromiumcan cross the placenta and be transferred to an infant via breast milk (Casey and Hambidge 1984;Daniellson et al. 1982; Mertz et al. 1969; Saxena et al. 1990; Shmitova 1980). There are no data onwhether chromium is stored in maternal tissues and whether these stores can be mobilized duringpregnancy or lactation.An age-related difference in the extent of gastrointestinal absorption of chromium(III) was reported in onestudy (Sullivan et al. 1984); it is not known if a similar relationship would exist for chromium(VI). Noother information is available which evaluated potential differences between adults and children.Toxicokinetic studies examining how aging can influence the absorption, distribution, and excretion ofchromium, particularly chromium(VI) would be useful in assessing children’s susceptibility to chromiumtoxicity. There are no data to determine whether there are age-specific biomarkers of exposure or effectsor any interactions with other chemicals that would be specific for children. There is very little availableinformation on methods for reducing chromium toxic effects or body burdens; it is likely that research inadults would also be applicable to children.Child health data needs relating to exposure are discussed in Section 5.8.1 Identification of Data Needs:Exposures of Children.
CHROMIUM 2572. HEALTH EFFECTS2.12.3 Ongoing StudiesOngoing studies pertaining to chromium have been identified and are shown in Table 2-8.
Page 1 and 2:
TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FORCHROMIUMU.
Page 3:
CHROMIUMiiiUPDATE STATEMENTToxicolo
Page 7 and 8:
CHROMIUMviiQUICK REFERENCE FOR HEAL
Page 11:
CHROMIUMxiPEER REVIEWA peer review
Page 14 and 15:
CHROMIUMxiv2.2.3.1 Death ..........
Page 16:
CHROMIUMxviC. ACRONYMS, ABBREVIATIO
Page 21 and 22:
CHROMIUM 11. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEMEN
Page 23 and 24:
Page 25 and 26:
Page 27 and 28:
Page 29:
Page 32 and 33:
CHROMIUM 121. PUBLIC HEALTH STATEME
Page 34 and 35:
CHROMIUM 142. HEALTH EFFECTSessenti
Page 36 and 37:
CHROMIUM 162. HEALTH EFFECTSuncerta
Page 38 and 39:
TABLE 2-1. Levels of Significant Ex
Page 40 and 41:
11 Rat 90 d Resp 0.025 M (increased
Page 42 and 43:
20 Rat(Wistar)Reproductive90 d7 d/w
Page 44 and 45:
33 Rat I8 mo Resp 0.1 M Glaser et a
Page 46 and 47:
43 Human44 Human45 Human46 Human47
Page 48 and 49:
forFigure 2-1. Levels of Significan
Page 50 and 51:
35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r 35r
Page 52 and 53:
CHROMIUM 322. HEALTH EFFECTSInterme
Page 54 and 55:
CHROMIUM 342. HEALTH EFFECTSexposur
Page 56 and 57:
CHROMIUM 362. HEALTH EFFECTSsulfate
Page 58 and 59:
CHROMIUM 382. HEALTH EFFECTScorrela
Page 60 and 61:
CHROMIUM 402. HEALTH EFFECTS1953).
Page 62 and 63:
CHROMIUM 422. HEALTH EFFECTSBaltimo
Page 64 and 65:
CHROMIUM 442. HEALTH EFFECTSHepatic
Page 66 and 67:
CHROMIUM 462. HEALTH EFFECTSdichrom
Page 68 and 69:
CHROMIUM 482. HEALTH EFFECTSdamage
Page 70 and 71:
CHROMIUM 502. HEALTH EFFECTSChromiu
Page 72 and 73:
CHROMIUM 522. HEALTH EFFECTSAn exte
Page 74 and 75:
CHROMIUM 542. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.7
Page 76 and 77:
CHROMIUM 562. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.1.8
Page 78 and 79:
CHROMIUM 582. HEALTH EFFECTSmajor p
Page 80 and 81:
CHROMIUM 602. HEALTH EFFECTSfound a
Page 82 and 83:
CHROMIUM 622. HEALTH EFFECTSsignifi
Page 84 and 85:
CHROMIUM 642. HEALTH EFFECTSheavy s
Page 86 and 87:
CHROMIUM 662. HEALTH EFFECTScarcino
Page 88 and 89:
CHROMIUM 682. HEALTH EFFECTS(female
Page 90 and 91:
CHROMIUM 702. HEALTH EFFECTSFerroch
Page 92 and 93:
CHROMIUM 722. HEALTH EFFECTS1.2x10
Page 94 and 95:
CHROMIUM 742. HEALTH EFFECTSchromiu
Page 96 and 97:
8 Rat once 26 M (LD 50)(Fischer- 34
Page 98 and 99:
20 Mouse 9 d Bd Wt 53.2 F 101 .1 F
Page 100 and 101:
32 Rat(BD)33 RatSwiss albino34 RatD
Page 102 and 103:
Neurological45 Rat 28 d(Wistar)Repr
Page 104 and 105:
59 Mouse 85 d + 36.7 F NTP 1997(BAL
Page 106 and 107:
CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemic70 Human71
Page 108 and 109:
Figure 2-2. Levels of Significant E
Page 110 and 111:
MinimalFigure 2-2. Levels of Signif
Page 112 and 113:
CHROMIUM 922. HEALTH EFFECTSand blo
Page 114 and 115:
CHROMIUM 942. HEALTH EFFECTSHematol
Page 116 and 117:
CHROMIUM 962. HEALTH EFFECTSAverage
Page 118 and 119:
CHROMIUM 982. HEALTH EFFECTSchanges
Page 120 and 121:
CHROMIUM 1002. HEALTH EFFECTSsperma
Page 122 and 123:
CHROMIUM 1022. HEALTH EFFECTSchromi
Page 124 and 125:
CHROMIUM 1042. HEALTH EFFECTS2.2.2.
Page 126 and 127:
CHROMIUM 1062. HEALTH EFFECTSImpair
Page 128 and 129:
CHROMIUM 1082. HEALTH EFFECTSrates
Page 130 and 131:
TABLE 2-3. Levels of Significant Ex
Page 132 and 133:
HumanHumanHumanHumanHumanHumanHuman
Page 134 and 135:
CHRONIC EXPOSURESystemicHuman 7.5 y
Page 136 and 137:
CHROMIUM 1162. HEALTH EFFECTSNo stu
Page 138 and 139:
CHROMIUM 1182. HEALTH EFFECTSIrrita
Page 140 and 141:
CHROMIUM 1202. HEALTH EFFECTSindust
Page 142 and 143:
CHROMIUM 1222. HEALTH EFFECTSGuinea
Page 144 and 145:
CHROMIUM 1242. HEALTH EFFECTSmodel,
Page 146 and 147:
CHROMIUM 1262. HEALTH EFFECTSblood,
Page 148 and 149:
CHROMIUM 1282. HEALTH EFFECTSchromi
Page 150 and 151:
CHROMIUM 1302. HEALTH EFFECTSAlthou
Page 152 and 153:
CHROMIUM 1322. HEALTH EFFECTS2.3.2
Page 154 and 155:
Page 156 and 157:
CHROMIUM 1362. HEALTH EFFECTSThe di
Page 158 and 159:
CHROMIUM 1382. HEALTH EFFECTS(2-5 m
Page 160 and 161:
CHROMIUM 1402. HEALTH EFFECTSIn rat
Page 162 and 163:
CHROMIUM 1422. HEALTH EFFECTSunstab
Page 164 and 165:
CHROMIUM 1442. HEALTH EFFECTSIn add
Page 166 and 167:
CHROMIUM 1462. HEALTH EFFECTSsignif
Page 168 and 169:
Page 170 and 171:
CHROMIUM 1502. HEALTH EFFECTSDaily
Page 172 and 173:
CHROMIUM 1522. HEALTH EFFECTS51 Chr
Page 174 and 175:
CHROMIUM 1542. HEALTH EFFECTS2.3.5
Page 176 and 177:
CHROMIUM 1562. HEALTH EFFECTSFigure
Page 178 and 179:
CHROMIUM 1582. HEALTH EFFECTSTable
Page 180 and 181:
CHROMIUM 1602. HEALTH EFFECTSFigure
Page 182 and 183:
CHROMIUM 1622. HEALTH EFFECTSInterr
Page 184 and 185:
CHROMIUM 1642. HEALTH EFFECTSthe bl
Page 186 and 187:
CHROMIUM 1662. HEALTH EFFECTSpreval
Page 188 and 189:
CHROMIUM 1682. HEALTH EFFECTS2.5 RE
Page 190 and 191:
CHROMIUM 1702. HEALTH EFFECTSSevera
Page 192 and 193:
CHROMIUM 1722. HEALTH EFFECTSanimal
Page 194 and 195:
CHROMIUM 1742. HEALTH EFFECTSOral M
Page 196 and 197:
CHROMIUM 1762. HEALTH EFFECTSfibros
Page 198 and 199:
CHROMIUM 1782. HEALTH EFFECTSNausea
Page 200 and 201:
CHROMIUM 1802. HEALTH EFFECTSthe pr
Page 202 and 203:
CHROMIUM 1822. HEALTH EFFECTSSevere
Page 204 and 205:
CHROMIUM 1842. HEALTH EFFECTSdevelo
Page 206 and 207:
CHROMIUM 1862. HEALTH EFFECTSthe ce
Page 208 and 209:
CHROMIUM 1882. HEALTH EFFECTSimprov
Page 210 and 211:
CHROMIUM 1902. HEALTH EFFECTSchroma
Page 212 and 213:
CHROMIUM 1922. HEALTH EFFECTSIn ano
Page 214 and 215:
Table 2-5. Genotoxicity of Chromium
Page 216 and 217:
Table 2-5. Genotoxicity of Chromium
Page 218 and 219:
Species (test system)Prokaryotic or
Page 220 and 221:
Species (test system)S. typhimurium
Page 222 and 223:
Species (test system)Mouse A18BcR c
Page 224 and 225:
Species (test system)Prokaryotic or
Page 226 and 227: Species (test system)Syrian hamster
Page 228 and 229: CHROMIUM 2082. HEALTH EFFECTSet al.
Page 230 and 231: CHROMIUM 2102. HEALTH EFFECTScancer
Page 232 and 233: CHROMIUM 2122. HEALTH EFFECTS2.6 EN
Page 234 and 235: CHROMIUM 2142. HEALTH EFFECTSChromi
Page 236 and 237: CHROMIUM 2162. HEALTH EFFECTSchromi
Page 238 and 239: CHROMIUM 2182. HEALTH EFFECTSBiolog
Page 240 and 241: CHROMIUM 2202. HEALTH EFFECTSFigure
Page 242 and 243: CHROMIUM 2222. HEALTH EFFECTSemploy
Page 244 and 245: CHROMIUM 2242. HEALTH EFFECTSunexpe
Page 246 and 247: CHROMIUM 2262. HEALTH EFFECTSMutti
Page 248 and 249: CHROMIUM 2282. HEALTH EFFECTS1986a,
Page 250 and 251: CHROMIUM 2302. HEALTH EFFECTSconcen
Page 252 and 253: CHROMIUM 2322. HEALTH EFFECTSmentio
Page 254 and 255: CHROMIUM 2342. HEALTH EFFECTS2.11.2
Page 256 and 257: CHROMIUM 2362. HEALTH EFFECTSglutat
Page 258 and 259: CHROMIUM 2382. HEALTH EFFECTS1997).
Page 260 and 261: CHROMIUM 2402. HEALTH EFFECTS
Page 262 and 263: CHROMIUM 2422. HEALTH EFFECTSlimite
Page 264 and 265: CHROMIUM 2442. HEALTH EFFECTSThe re
Page 266 and 267: CHROMIUM 2462. HEALTH EFFECTS(Nette
Page 268 and 269: CHROMIUM 2482. HEALTH EFFECTSsperma
Page 270 and 271: CHROMIUM 2502. HEALTH EFFECTSThere
Page 272 and 273: CHROMIUM 2522. HEALTH EFFECTStimesp
Page 274 and 275: CHROMIUM 2542. HEALTH EFFECTSShmito
Page 278 and 279: CHROMIUM 2582. HEALTH EFFECTSTable
Page 280 and 281: CharacteristicSynonym(s)Table 3-1.
Page 286 and 287: CHROMIUM 2663. CHEMICAL AND PHYSICA
Page 294 and 295: CHROMIUM 2744. PRODUCTION, IMPORT/E
Page 301 and 302: CHROMIUM 2815. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN
Page 303 and 304: Derived from HazDat 2000Figure 5-2.
Page 307 and 308: State bTable 5-2. Releases to the E
Page 309 and 310: State bTable 5-2. Releases to the E
Page 327 and 328:
CHROMIUM 3075. POTENTIAL FOR HUMAN
Page 329 and 330:
Page 331 and 332:
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
CHROMIUM 3156. ANALYTICAL METHODSTh
Page 337 and 338:
Sample matrixTable 6-1. Analytical
Page 339 and 340:
CHROMIUM 3196. ANALYTICAL METHODS6.
Page 341 and 342:
Sample matrixOccupational air(weldi
Page 343 and 344:
Sample matrixWaste water 1986(chrom
Page 345 and 346:
CHROMIUM 3256. ANALYTICAL METHODS6.
Page 347 and 348:
CHROMIUM 3277. REGULATIONS AND ADVI
Page 349 and 350:
Page 351 and 352:
Page 353 and 354:
Page 355 and 356:
Page 357 and 358:
Page 359 and 360:
CHROMIUM 3398. REFERENCES*Aaseth J,
Page 361 and 362:
CHROMIUM 3418. REFERENCES*Anderson
Page 363 and 364:
CHROMIUM 3438. REFERENCES*Baranowsk
Page 365 and 366:
CHROMIUM 3458. REFERENCESBlack CB,
Page 367 and 368:
CHROMIUM 3478. REFERENCES*Buckell M
Page 369 and 370:
CHROMIUM 3498. REFERENCES*Chen NSC,
Page 371 and 372:
CHROMIUM 3518. REFERENCESCriqui M,
Page 373 and 374:
CHROMIUM 3538. REFERENCESDOD. 1947.
Page 375 and 376:
CHROMIUM 3558. REFERENCES*EPA. 1984
Page 377 and 378:
CHROMIUM 3578. REFERENCES*EPA. 1996
Page 379 and 380:
CHROMIUM 3598. REFERENCESFlint GN,
Page 381 and 382:
CHROMIUM 3618. REFERENCES*Gale TF,
Page 383 and 384:
CHROMIUM 3638. REFERENCESGriepink B
Page 385 and 386:
CHROMIUM 3658. REFERENCES*Hayes RB,
Page 387 and 388:
CHROMIUM 3678. REFERENCESHunt CD, S
Page 389 and 390:
CHROMIUM 3698. REFERENCES*Jansen LH
Page 391 and 392:
CHROMIUM 3718. REFERENCESKeith RL,
Page 393 and 394:
CHROMIUM 3738. REFERENCES*Korallus
Page 395 and 396:
CHROMIUM 3758. REFERENCES*Laborda R
Page 397 and 398:
CHROMIUM 3778. REFERENCESLees PSJ,
Page 399 and 400:
CHROMIUM 3798. REFERENCES*Liu KJ, J
Page 401 and 402:
CHROMIUM 3818. REFERENCES*Malm O, P
Page 403 and 404:
CHROMIUM 3838. REFERENCESMehra R, B
Page 405 and 406:
CHROMIUM 3858. REFERENCES*Morris B,
Page 407 and 408:
CHROMIUM 3878. REFERENCES*Newbold R
Page 409 and 410:
CHROMIUM 3898. REFERENCES*Novey HS,
Page 411 and 412:
CHROMIUM 3918. REFERENCES*OSHA 1999
Page 413 and 414:
CHROMIUM 3938. REFERENCESPiela Z, K
Page 415 and 416:
CHROMIUM 3958. REFERENCESRI Div Air
Page 417 and 418:
CHROMIUM 3978. REFERENCES*Sata F, A
Page 419 and 420:
CHROMIUM 3998. REFERENCES*Sheppard
Page 421 and 422:
CHROMIUM 4018. REFERENCES*Snyder CA
Page 423 and 424:
CHROMIUM 4038. REFERENCESŠtupar J,
Page 425 and 426:
CHROMIUM 4058. REFERENCESTamino G,
Page 427 and 428:
CHROMIUM 4078. REFERENCES*Ueno S, S
Page 429 and 430:
CHROMIUM 4098. REFERENCESWahlberg J
Page 431 and 432:
CHROMIUM 4118. REFERENCES*Wiegand H
Page 433:
CHROMIUM 4138. REFERENCES*Zhitkovic
Page 436 and 437:
CHROMIUM 4169. GLOSSARYCase Series
Page 438 and 439:
CHROMIUM 4189. GLOSSARYModifying Fa
Page 440 and 441:
CHROMIUM 4209. GLOSSARYeither under
Page 443 and 444:
CHROMIUM A-1APPENDIX AATSDR MINIMAL
Page 445 and 446:
CHROMIUM A-3APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK
Page 447 and 448:
CHROMIUM A-5APPENDIX AMINIMAL RISK
Page 449:
CHROMIUM A-7APPENDIX AWas a convers
Page 452 and 453:
CHROMIUM B-2APPENDIX B(2) Exposure
Page 454 and 455:
1SAMPLE6 TABLE 2-1. Levels of Signi
Page 456 and 457:
CHROMIUM B-6APPENDIX BChapter 2 (Se
Page 459 and 460:
CHROMIUM C-1APPENDIX CACRONYMS, ABB
Page 461:
CHROMIUM C-3APPENDIX CTRITWAU.S.UFy
show all

TOXICOLOGICAL PROFILE FOR CHROMIUM - Davidborowski.com

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?